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Children with disabilities are the most marginalized and excluded groups in society; they face daily discrimination and negative attitudes. Around the turn of the 20th century students with disabilities were denied education. Crippled, deformed, dim-witted, crazy, retarded, invalid, mongoloid, and imbecile were some names used to describe the disabled. Prior to the twentieth century, social attitudes reflected the view that persons with disabilities were unhealthy, defective and deviant
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First significant court case case to influence special eduction, Brown v Board of Education, determined segragation on basis of race was against education opportunities. It increased funding for special education programs. (Smith 2004)
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wherein schools received federal money for public education
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set aside funds specifically for students with disabilities
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a disabled person connot be excluded from any program receiving federal funds.
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signed by President Ford the Education for all Handicapped Children Act, known as IDEA, Individuals with Disabilities Act, now a legal right. All children with disabilities must have an IEP, a free and appropriate education and be served in the least restrictive environment.
https://youtu.be/PU-rXwE0RqU?t=20, Understanding the IEP. -
requires absolute compliance of school districts and institutions that do not receive federal funds
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“intellectual disability” for “mental retardation”:
Term Section within title 34, CFR
“handicapped person” § 104.3(j)(2)(i).
“individual with a severe disability” § 385.4.
“individual with a significant disability” §§ 361.5 and 373.4.
“individual with handicaps” § 105.3.
“physical or mental impairment” § 361.5. -
aligns with the requirements for No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) which provides financial incentives to states who improve their special education services and services for all students