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Landmark case that declared segregation unlawful and laid the groundwork for increasing educational access for students with disabilities. Esteves, K. J., Rao, S. (2008). Principal . The Evolution of Special Education Retracing Legal Milestones in American History., 1–3. -
An amendment to the act set aside federal funds specifically for students with disabilities.
Esteves, K. J., Rao, S. (2008). Principal . The Evolution of Special Education Retracing Legal Milestones in American History., 1–3. -
In Diana, lawyers representing Spanish- speaking Mexican American students argued that their clients were being inaccurately labeled as mentally retarded and placed in special education classes. Diana, established that linguistic, cultural, socioeconomic and other background differences are not considered handicapping conditions. Diana vs State Board of Education (1970). Retrieved February 20, 2022, from https://lawaspect.com/diana-vs-state-board-of-education-1970/ -
This civil rights law states that a person with a disability cannot be excluded or denied benefit from any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance, either public or private. The statute protects individuals from discrimination. Esteves, K. J., Rao, S. (2008). Principal . The Evolution of Special Education Retracing Legal Milestones in American History., 1–3. -
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, also known as the Buckley Amendment, protects the privacy of student records. The Act provides for the right for parents to inspect and review educational records, the right to seek to amend those records and to limit disclosure of information from the records. Esteves, K. J., Rao, S. (2008). Principal . The Evolution of Special Education Retracing Legal Milestones in American History., 1–3. -
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Education of All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) was signed into law by President Gerald Ford to make sure students received education in the "least restrictive environment". It applies to ages 3-21. Requires written permission for evaluation. This is the predecessor of the IDEA law. Esteves, K. J., Rao, S. (2008). Principal . The Evolution of Special Education Retracing Legal Milestones in American History., 1–3. -
The first special education case to land in the U.S. Supreme Court, ruled that students who qualify for special education
services must have access to public school programs that meet
their unique educational needs, and that the programs must be
supported by services that enable students to benefit from instruction.
Esteves, K. J., Rao, S. (2008). Principal . The Evolution of Special Education Retracing Legal Milestones in American History., 1–3. -
The case that Rafael was not inclusive to the 'maximum extent appropriate' in a general education setting. Experts testified that Rafael could be mainstreamed with supplemental aids & services. A two-part test was developed to determine whether or not the school district met the LRE requirement of IDEA. Oberti v. Board of Education of the Borough of Clementon. Retrieved February 20, 2022, from https://www.pubintlaw.org/cases-and-projects/oberti-v-board-of-education-of-the-borough-of-clementon/ -
Was signed into law by President George W. Bush, is an update to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. The law increased the federal role in holding schools responsible for the academic progress of all students. It ensured that states and schools boost the performance of English-language learners, students in special education, & poor & minority children. Esteves, K. J., Rao, S. (2008). Principal. The Evolution of Special Education Retracing Legal Milestones in American History. -
IDEA is a law that makes available a free public education to eligible children with disabilities throughout the nation and ensures special education and related services to those children. IDEA governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and related services to eligible infants, toddlers, children, and youth with disabilities. Esteves, K. J., Rao, S. (2008). Principal. The Evolution of Special Education Retracing Legal Milestones in American History.
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The Every Student Succeeds Act was signed by President Barack Obama. ESSA replaced the previous education law called “No Child Left Behind.” ESSA extended more flexibility to States in education & laid out expectations of transparency for parents & for communities. It advances equity by upholding critical protections for America's disadvantaged & high-need students. Esteves, K. J., Rao, S. (2008). Principal. The Evolution of Special Education Retracing Legal Milestones in American History., 1-3 -
Landmark special education supreme court case lasted for seven years, leading to a 2017 U.S. Supreme Court decision that raised the standard schools must meet in educating students with disabilities. The parents sued arguing that Endrew had not received a fair and appropriate education in Douglas County schools as required by federal law. Schimke, A. (2018, June 20). Douglas County district pays $1.3 million to settle landmark special education case. The Denver Post.
