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Brown v. Board of Ed.
Brown v. Board of Ed.
The initial court case of Brown v. Board of Education ended segregation in schools, overriding the previous "separate but equal" law; this helped to pave the way for ALL students to be allowed public education. (Bryant, Smith, & Bryant handout, 2008) -
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Mills v Board of Education of the District of Columbia
This court decision declared that all students with disabilities have a right to free, public education and individualized planning, in the least restrictive environment (Wood text, p. 6-7; Bryant, Smith, & Bryant handout, 2008). -
Section 504 - Rehabilitation Act
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation act protects qualified individuals from discrimination based on their exceptionalities. It also requires that accomodations be provided for people with exceptionalities within schools and society (Bryant, Smith, & Bryant, 2008). Section 504 co-exists with Special Education today to provide accomodations for students with impairments (Wood text p.8). -
EAHCA
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) was put into effect granting all students a free appropriate education in the least restrictive environment possible. EAHCA consists of Early Intervention (developmental delay, birth to age 3) and Special Education and Related Services (through age 21) (Wood text, p.8-13; Bryant, Smith, & Bryant handout). -
Timothy W. court case
The court case of Timothy W. v. Rochester New Hampshire School District was based on the severity of Timothy's disability; it was thought that he was too severly handicapped to benefit from public education. However, the court case found that REGARDLESS of the severity of exceptionalities, all children have the right to public education (Wood text, p. 5; Bryant, Smith, & Bryant handout). -
IDEAIn 1990, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) changed it's name to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). In addition, transition services were added to the plan so that by age 16 a plan could be set in motion to transition students to adulthood; autism and traumatic brain injury were added as disability group (Wood text, p. 10; Bryant, Smith, & Bryant handout).
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Doe v. WithersTeachers are to be held accountable for the implementation of Individualized Education Plans (IEP's) - in this particular court case, a West Virginia history teacher was fined and charged with deliberate ignorance of the IEP in question (Bryant, Smith, & Bryant handout; http://sped637-su2011.wikispaces.com/Doe+vs.+Withers+1993).
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IDEA 1997 reauthorizationADHD is added to 'other health impairements' category; students with exceptionalities are allowed access to general curriculum as part of the least restrictive environment (LRE); transition to adulthood planning must start by age 14; and the term "developmental delay" may be used to classify children up to age 9 (Wood text, p. 10; Bryant, Smith, & Bryant handout).
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NCLB goes into effect Jan 8, 2002Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act that called for standardized testing (state and district) for all schoolchildren in reading/language arts, science, and math. Annual yearly progress must be met, otherwise 'significant repercussions' will be shown. NCLB also called for 100% reading and math proficience by the year 2012. Wood text, p. 19-20; Bryant, Smith, & Bryant handout).
