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Brown vs Board of Education
While this lawsuit was a racial issue, I believe it was a landmark for all of education, determining segregated schools be unconstitutional. The Supreme Court ruled that ALL children must have an equal opportunity to education. http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/early-civilrights/brown.html -
PARC vs Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens aregued that the state of Pennsylvania was not providing a publicly supported, quality education to mentally retarded students per constitutional law. The end of the lawsuit granted students age 6-21 access to a free, most desirable education. http://academic.evergreen.edu/curricular/mit2008/Win08handouts/edLaw/equity/disabilities/PARC.htm -
Mills vs Board of Education
Much like PARC vs Pennsylvania, Mills vs Board of Education was a fight for students in Washington D.C. arguing that they too had a right to publicly supported education. The suit was ruled in the students favor, following the path set by PARC. http://outreach.umf.maine.edu/files/2009/10/millsvboardofed.pdf -
PL 93-380
To promise appropriate education for children with disabilities, mental retardation and gifted/talented, Congress passed the Education Amendments of 1974 (amended from the ESEA act of 1965), which guarantees due process and provision of education in the least restrictive environment. Funding for prgrams would be given Title IV-B. http://www.doe.virginia.gov/support/health_medical/virginia_school_health_guidelines/implementing_speced_special-needs.pdf -
Education for all Handicapped Children Act
Also known as PL 94-142.This law established legal standards and requirements for the education provided to children with disabilities. This law required all states to provide a “Free, appropriate public education” to school-age children with handicaps in the “least restrictive environment.” This extends to all handicapped children and any related services to assure regular attendence. http://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history.html -
PL 99-457
This ammendment includes handiapped children ages 3-5 and their families available for government funding. Testing and awareness is recognized for early intervention. The term "handicapped children" was also replaced with the wording of "children with disabilities." http://college.cengage.com/education/resources/res_prof/students/spec_ed/legislation/pl_99-457.html -
PL 101-336
The American Disabilties Act is made up of five titles that cover employment, state and local government services, transportation, public accommodations and telecommunications. Discrimination is prohibited in all setting, no matter if it is in the work place, while seeking trasportation or going to a public event. This law is to mainstream Americans with disabilities with the rest of America. http://www.bu.edu/cpr/reasaccom/whatlaws-adaact.html -
IDEA Amendments
PL 105-17. Improve the education and achievements of children with disabilities. Changes were made to the IEP, including short term annual goals for parents and teachers to mark improvements. Handling discipline was another focal point, promoting positive social behavior and intervention. Suspensions may not exceed 10 days, and punishments may be similar to non-handicapped students. http://www.insource.org/pl105017.htm -
Cedar Rapids Community SD vs Garret F
The Court held that if the services in question are "related" to keeping the disabled child in school and able to access educational opportunities available to others, IDEA funded school districts must provide such services. -
No Child Left Behind
The law is written so that the scores of students with IEPs and 504 plans are counted just as other students' scores are counted. Schools have argued against having disabled populations involved in their AYP measurements because they claim that there are too many variables involved. The more students with disabilities, the more money a school recieves (even more for mainstreamed students). Thus, there is greater incentive to teach the children with disabilties. http://www.edweek.org
