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The Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" classrooms were not just, and that separate classrooms were not inherently equal. This ruling sparked something in the movement of equal rights and education for those with disabilities.
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The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) required primary and secondary education students experiencing poverty to receive funding from the federal government. It was signed into law by Lyndon B. Johnson.
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The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania ruled in favor of the students in state-run institutions with learning disabilities. The case called for students with disabilities to be placed in publicly funded schools after going through a fair and appropriate evaluation of their needs.
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This case was tried in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. It made it illegal for the D.C. Board of Education to deny access to publicly funded schools to students with learning disabilities.
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Public Law 94-142 is also known as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act. This law said that any school in a state that receives funding from the federal government must provide equal access to education, and one free meal a day, to students with disabilities. Each state then had to monitor their own public schools to make sure they were adhering to the law.
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Public Law 99-457 was an amendment to Public Law 94-142. Previously, states had to provide families of children with disabilities certain supporting services once their child reached the age of 3. With this new amendment, these services were provided as soon as the individual with disabilities was born.
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This Act was signed by President Ronald Reagan. The Act gave parents a more involved role in the creation of their student's Individual Education Plan (IEP). Students today still use these plans and they and their parents/families should be involved in the making of them.
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This Public Law called for changes to Public Law 94-142. Under this law, new disability categories were added - traumatic brain injury and autism. Additionally, the existence of an Individual Transition Plan (ITP) had to be within a child's IEP. ITPs were there to help students transition to life after their secondary education.
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