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Timeline of the history of Special Education in the United States from 1954 to present
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Brown v. Board of Education
The Supreme Court ruled that it was unlawful to discriminate against a group of individuals based on race. This decision ignited a movement and opened a pathway for other minority groups to receive fair educational treatment.
Special Education in Contemporary Society. Seventh Edition. 2021. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA)
The EHA ensured a free appropriate public education which emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs, to assure that the rights of children with disabilities and their parents are protected, to assist States and localities to provide for the education of all children with disabilities, and to assess and assure the effectiveness of efforts to educate all children with disabilities.
https://sites.ed.gov/idea/IDEA-History#1975 -
Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley
The court ruling for Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley stated that students who qualify for special education programs must be provided with individualized instruction to meet their specific needs.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Board-of-Education-of-the-Hendrick-Hudson-Central-School-District-v-Rowley -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Some of its purpose was to provide a clear and comprehensive national mandate for the elimination of discrimination against individuals with disabilities; to provide clear, strong, consistent, enforceable standards addressing discrimination against individuals with disabilities; to ensure that the Federal Government plays a central role in enforcing the standards established in this chapter on behalf of individuals with disabilities.
https://www.ada.gov/law-and-regs/ada/ -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) first enacted
Replaced EHA. It also added traumatic brain injury and autism as new disability categories. Additionally, Congress mandated that as a part of a student’s individualized education program (IEP), an individual transition plan (ITP) must be developed to help the student transition to post-secondary life.
https://sites.ed.gov/idea/IDEA-History#1980s-90s -
Individuals with Disabilities Act is reauthorized
reauthorization articulated a new challenge to improve results for children with disabilities and their families. This included an emphasis on access to the general curriculum. Additionally, states were given the authority to expand the “developmental delay” definition to also include students up to age nine. https://sites.ed.gov/idea/IDEA-History#1980s-90s -
No Child Left Behind Act
Public Law 107-110 gives a major educational reform effort focusing on academic achievement and qualifications of teachers. Special Education in Contemporary Society. Seventh Edition. 2021 -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
Public Law 108-446 is passed, it aligns IDEA legislation with provisions of No Child Left Behind and modifies the individualized education program process in addition to changes affecting school discipline, due process, and evaluation of students with disabilities. Special Education in Contemporary Society. Seventh Edition. 2021 -
Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments
Public Law 110-325 is enacted. It expands statutory interpretation of a disability while affording individuals with disabilities greater protections. Special Education in Contemporary Society. Seventh Edition. 2021 -
Rosa's Law
Public Law 111-256 is enacted. It removes the terms mental retardation and mentally retarded from federal health, education, and labor statues. Preferred language is now intellectual disability. Special Education in Contemporary Society. Seventh Edition. 2021