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Brown Vs. Board of Education
-This was the cornerstone of the civil rights movement and helped establish that “separate-but-equal” education and other services were not equal at all.
- It provides an education to all people regardless of race, gender, or disability.
Example: African American and white students are integrated into the same schools and classes together.
http://www.wrightslaw.com/law/art/history.spec.ed.law.htm -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
-This law was passed as part of the Lyndon B. Johnson administration’s War on Poverty campaign.
- The goal of this law was to improve educational equity for students from lower-income families by providing federal funds to school districts serving low income students. https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/education/elementary-and-secondary-education-act-of-1965/ -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (1973)
-Under Section 504, FAPE (Free, appropriate, public education) means providing regular or special education and related aids.
- Provides services designed to meet the student’s individual educational needs as adequately as the needs of nondisabled students are met. Example: Student has tests read to him/her.
Student is allowed time and a half on test.
https://www.dol.gov/oasam/regs/statutes/sec504.htm -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
- Required all schools receiving federal funding to provide handicapped children equal access to education.
- Mandated that they be placed in the least restrictive educational environment possible.
- Makes schools accountable for providing educational services for all handicapped children. https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-89/pdf/STATUTE-89-Pg773.pdf
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 1990
- States that children with disabilities are entitled to a free appropriate public education. -Each child's education will be planned and monitored with an individualized education program or an individualized family service plan. https://www.education.com/reference/article/individuals-disabilities-education-act/
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Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
- Civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. -There must be reasonable accommodations to employees/ students with disabilities and ensures accessibility requirements on public accommodations. https://adata.org/learn-about-ada
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No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
Goal is to close student achievement gaps by providing all children with a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education.
- It emphasizes accountability, flexibility in funding, research based instruction and parent options in choosing their child's school.
http://www.k12.wa.us/esea/NCLB.aspx -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004
- Increase the focus on accountability and improved outcomes by emphasizing reading, early intervention, and research-based instruction.
- Requires that special education teachers be highly qualified.
- Prepares the child for further education, employment, and independent living.
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