Special Education History: The history of special education is linked to other advocacy movements in the history of the United States.
By violachima
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Brown v. Board of Education 1954
Supreme Court rules that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional
Began the movement of equality in education -
Education of the Handicapped Act of 1970
Provide state grants to help expand education programs for students with disabilities
Federal government money was given to schools to help train special education teachers better -
Mills v. Board of Education (1972)
Since segregation was deemed unconstitutional, it also is unconstitutional to deny students with disabilities as education -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (1973)
Prohibited discrimination against those with disabilities in programs that received federal funding -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
Federal funding was provided to those who promised to education students with disabilities
Started requiring schools to develop an Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
Established procedural safeguards -
Hendrick Hudson School v. Rowley (1982)
School sued due to interpreter being taken away from deaf student
Court ruled in favor of school because Amy Rowley was succeeding without the interpreter
Case offered a new interpretation of FAPE
Created a definition of FAPE and clarified that students don't have to have maximum support but enough to receive educational benefits -
Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1990
Added traumatic brain injury and autism as new categories of disability
Transition element for students age 16 or older was added
"People first" language began -
The Idea Amendments of 1997
Changed the IEP team and added new components
Reorganized the structure of IDEA
Began requiring states to offer intervention efforts to parents before due process hearings -
No Child Left Behind Act of 2002
Reaction to the low academic achievement of American students
Began holding the government responsible for the gains for students academically
Standardized testing began -
Endrew F v. Douglas County School District (2017)
Parents sued school for tuition to a private school because the school was unable to provide a "meaningful education"
Confusion with terminology in courts led to a debate of what schools are required to provide
