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Revised the Naturalization Act of 1870 and required immigrants to learn English in order to become naturalized citizens.
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In Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390 (1923), the Supreme Court invalidated a Nebraska law banning the teaching of foreign languages to schoolchildren, finding that the law violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause.
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The Mendez case ended as the first successful federal school desegregation decision in the United States. This decision protected only children of Mexican ancestry from public school segregation in California.
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Eliminated the contact labor bar and placed employment-based preferences for aliens with economic potential, skills, and education. In addition, the act created H-1, a temporary visa category for nonimmigrants with merit and ability.
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Racial segregation of students ruled unconstitutional because this does not allow for an equal education. This ended "separate but equal" schooling for black and white students.
Gargiulo, R. M., & Bouck, E. C. (2018). Special education in contemporary society: An introduction to exceptionality. 6th ed.
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Decided that Mexican Americans and all other racial groups in the United States had equal protection under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
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Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, and later sexual orientation and gender identity.
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Abolished the National Origins Formula, which had been the basis of U.S. immigration policy since the 1920s.
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ESEA is an extensive statute that funds primary and secondary education, emphasizing high standards and accountability. As mandated in the act, funds are authorized for professional development, instructional materials, resources to support educational programs, and the promotion of parental involvement.
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This marked the first official federal recognition of the needs of students with limited English speaking ability and provided federal grants to school districts
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Schools must offer special language instruction if they have more than 5% minority student population
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Extending the ruling in Pennsylvania, to now include all children with disabilities. The right to an appropriate public education became a constitutional right for every student.
Gargiulo, R. M., & Bouck, E. C. (2018). Special education in contemporary society: An introduction to exceptionality. 6th ed.
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Addressed civil rights issues in education, barring states from discriminating against students based on gender, race, color, or nationality and requiring public schools to provide for students who do not speak English.
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U.S. Supreme Court ruling requiring schools to provide special language services for English language learners, to ensure equal education opportunity.
Gargiulo, R. M., & Bouck, E. C. (2018). Special education in contemporary society: An introduction to exceptionality. 6th ed.
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Also known as Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Amendments of 1967, first federal legislation that recognized the needs of limited English speaking ability students. Defined bilingual educational as one that provides instruction in English and the native language.
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Federal law guaranteeing free and appropriate education for all handicapped students, and holding states accountable for providing such services as required for equal educational opportunity.
Gargiulo, R. M., & Bouck, E. C. (2018). Special education in contemporary society: An introduction to exceptionality. 6th ed.
image retrieved July 13th, 2019 from https://www.wrightslaw.com/law/art/history.spec.ed.law.htm -
Policy guidelines for the education of English language learners, mandating school districts' compliance with the civil rights requirements of Title VI (Lyons, 1992).
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Offered bilingual education to Mexican students.
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Guarantees that undocumented immigrants receive a free public education.
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Restructured to provide for an increased state role and give priority to applicants seeking to develop bilingual proficiency. The Improving America’s Schools Act also modified eligibility requirements for services under Title I so that limited-English-proficient students are eligible for services under that program on the same basis as other students.
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Supreme Court ruling affirming parental right to represent their children in cases related to the IDEA act.
Gargiulo, R. M., & Bouck, E. C. (2018). Special education in contemporary society: An introduction to exceptionality. 6th ed.
image retrieved July 13th, 2019 from http://www.clevelandmemory.org/legallandmarks/winkelman/graphics/pd.jpg
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