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The Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world's first artificial satellite was about the size of a beach ball.
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The second-ever orbiting spacecraft carried the first animal into orbit, the dog Laika, launched aboard the Soviet Sputnik 2 spacecraft.
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The first successful U.S. satellite, Explorer I, was launched into Earth orbit by the Army.
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non-military space activity, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
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JFK gives a speech in Houston about getting the first man on the moon.