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The Soviet Union launched the first satellite, Sputnik, into space.
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Explorer 1 was the first satellite launched by the United States when it was sent into orbit on January 31, 1958.
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First photograph of Earth from orbit
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Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space.
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First woman in space (Valentina Tereshkova).
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First artificial satellite around another world (the Moon).
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First orbital ultraviolet observatory
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First X-ray orbital observatory
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First human made object sent on escape trajectory away from the Sun
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First polar orbit around the Sun