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A US program that was made to reach the moon began with Project Mercury. This "Project" had goals of its own: orbit a piloted spacecraft. John Glenn participated be being in the Mercury and he became the first man to orbit Earth.
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It explored Venus's atmosphere.
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Teams of 2 astronauts in the same spacecraft (Gemini) orbited Earth. One Gemini team met and connected with another spacecraft in orbit- a skill that would need to be on a vayage to the Moon. It was much like the Mercury, ecxept it was larger and easier for Astronauts to maintain. It was launched by a roket known as Titan2 (in Roman numerals).
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took and sent the first photos of Jupiter . It was also the first probe to encounter an outer planet.
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Orbited and mapped the surface of Mars. And it also landed and searched for life on Mars.
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Mapped Venus's surfaced and returned data on the composition of Venus's atmosphere.