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Eratosthenes of Cyrene was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. Eratosthenes is most famous for making the first accurate measurement of the circumference of the Earth. He lived and worked for most of his life in the city of Alexandria in Egypt.
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the earliest finds of modern Homo sapiens skeletons come from Africa. They date to nearly 200,000 years ago on that continent. They appear in Southwest Asia around 100,000 years ago and elsewhere in the Old World by 60,000-40,000 years ago.
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Claudius Ptolemy is an answer and mathematician who considered the Earth the center of the universe(geocentric model of the universe).
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Polish astronomer gathered data and formed a comprehensive, Sun-centered model of the universe. With his article published, he started a scientific revolution.
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Tycho Brahe was a Danish nobleman, astronomer, and writer known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations. His work in developing astronomical instruments and in measuring and fixing the positions of stars paved the way for future discoveries.
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Francis Bacon was an English Renaissance statesman and philosopher, best known for his promotion of the scientific method. Bacon is also known as the father of empiricism, the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience.
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An Italian Renaissance man, Galileo invented his own telescope to collect evidence that support the Sun-centered model of the Solar System.
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Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer, and mathematician. Kepler discovered three major laws of planetary motion, conventionally designated as follows: (1)the planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus; (2)the time necessary to traverse any arc of a planetary orbit is proportional to the area of the sector between the central body and that arc; and (3)there is a relationship between the squares of the planets’ periodic times and the cubes of the radii of their orbits.
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René Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. René Descartes believed in a system known as Cartesian skepticism. Cartesian skepticism is the problem of explaining how knowledge of the external world is possible given the challenge that we cannot know the denials of skeptical hypotheses.
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John Locke was an English philosopher and physician. Locke's approach to empiricism involves the claim that all knowledge comes from experience and that there are no innate ideas that are with us when we are born. He and Descartes both believed our senses are not enough to find out the truth
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Isaac Newton developed the three basic laws of motion and the theory of universal gravity, which together laid the foundation for our current understanding of physics and the Universe.
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Dmitri Mendeleev is a Russian chemist and a teacher who devised the periodic table. Periodic table is a comprehensive system for classifying the chemical elements.
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Marie Curie pioneered the science of radioactivity through series of experiments. She changed the world of medicine and increased our understanding of the structure of the atom. Marie Curie discovered two new chemical elements with radioactivity, Radium, and Polonium.
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Henrietta Leavitt discovered the relationship between period and luminosity in Cepheid variables and the time it took to vary in brightness, making it possible for others to estimate the distance of these faraway stars, conclude that additional galaxies exist.
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Alfred Wegener is a scientist who first proposed the idea of continental drift in 1910. He noticed the similarities of geographical features in continents and he proposed that they were once compressed into a single protocontinent which he called Pangaea and over time they have drifted apart into their current distribution. He died before the evidence for his theory was found
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Edwin Hubble changed our understanding of the Universe with two of his theories which both are the foundations for the Big Bang theory. First he demonstrated that the Universe was much larger than previously thought, then he proved that the Universe is expanding.
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Harry Hammond Hess was a geologist and a United States Navy officer in World War II. He is considered one of the "founding fathers" of the unifying theory of plate tectonics. He used sonar and fossil evidence to prove the theory of plate tectonics.
