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The Underground Railroad 1
The Underground wasn't a real railroad, it was a secret network of people, places, and routes that lead them to freedom. The Underground Railroad was mostly used ten years before the Civil War. At night was the best time for the slaves to escape. They had to use the drinking gourd, which is the big and little dipper to help them to the North. They also used the moss on the trees to guide them North as well. -
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The Underground Railroad 2
There were several ways African Americans fought againist slavery, they burnt crops, they lead revolts, and they posioned their masters. On the way to freedom, stationmasters put candles in their window telling the runaways that their house was a station to stay and be safe. The slaves used secret codes to talk to one another. They used words that had several meanings so their slave masters didn't understand what they were saying. -
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The Underground Railroad 3
The slaves also wrote letters to family which helped them get back home. After the Fugitive Slave Act, if they caught any slave escaping (running away) they slave would be beaten then sent back to their owner, Clearly, slavery was a huge problem in US and was taken very seriously. -
Levi Coffin
Levi Coffin was born in New Garden, Guliford County. On October 28, 1824 Levi married Catherine White, which would be Catherine Coffin. Coffin and his wife had a store which helped shelter runaways. He was known as the president of the Underground Railroad. Coffin was also active during the temperance movment which urged people to moderation in the comsuption of alcohol beverages. In September 1877, Levi passed away -
The Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise was established on March 3, 1820. This compromise was known to be a little confusing. The 36'30 line was an imaginary line in the Louisiana Territory that "said" that anything South of it would be a slave state and anything North of it would be free. But, Missouri was the only slave state above 36'30! Missouri Compromise gained Maine and Missouri, Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. -
The Missouri Compromise 2
At the time, James Monroe was the president but he didn't write this compromise. Henry Clay was the one who wrote it. Another name for this compromise is, The Compromise of 1820 -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
Nat Turner's Rebellion began on August 22, 1831 in Southhampton County Virginia. Turner lead about 70 slaves in his rebellion. His rebellion began at the Travis plantation where Turner was once a slave. In a 48 hour time zone, they killed a total of 60 plantation owners and family members. Turner and his rebbles used weapons to kill the white slaves owners and plantation owners. About 3,000 troops of milita were sent out to capture Turner and his followers. -
The Compromise of 1850
On January 29, 1850, Henry Clay introduced the Compromise of 1850. Clay begged the North and the South to find a way to compromise with him. Clay was 73 years old, and still was going strong to find answer. John C. Calhoun was from South Carolina and he was not interseted in the comprmise one bit, but he did want slavery to be allowed in all Western territories. Millard Fillmore, the new president, agreed with the plan Henry Clay worked out. -
The Compromise of 1850 2
After Henry Clay got too sick, Stephen Douglass took over and helped him get the plan passed. The Compromise of 1850 have 5 important parts, but the most important was the fugitive slave act. According to the fugitive slave act, all the people in the country had to help catch runaways. Also, if you were caught letting runaways get away, you could be fined. Over 20 thousand african americans went to Canada the next ten years. Clearly, the Fugitive Slave act angered many Northerners. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
In January 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act was introduced, it said that people in the territory should decide whether slavery would be aloud there. This act would prohibit The Missouri Compromise of 1820. Slave owners were going to free lands, which made slaves think that they could sue for their freedom. -
Bleeding Kansas
John Brown, stern man who believed that he was a chosen intrument of God, meaning he thought he was better then everyone. Brown and his men woke several men from their beds, and killed them with swords, while their family was watching. There was so much killing done, which is how Bleeding Kansas got its name. -
The Dred Scott Case 3
Once the North and South found out, there was great tension between the states, pushing the country close to war. In 1857, Mrs. Emerson gave Scott and his family back to the Blow family, and in turn they gave the Scott's their freedom. Dred Scott had died one year later, but he still managed to be free for one year of his life. -
The Dred Scott Case
Dred Scott was born a slave in Virginia in 1799 and he was owned by the Blow family. But in 1830, Dred was sold to an army doctor, Dr. Emerson. For the next 12 years, Scott and Emerson were in the free states Illinois & Wisconsin. Scott also married Harriet Robinson, another slave, but once Dr. Emerson was getting ready to leave, Scott didn't hesitate to leave his master. Three years later, Dr. Emerson had passed away, so now his widow hired Dred. -
The Dred Scott Case 2
After three years of working for the widow, Scott attempted to sue for his freedom. Dred and the widow went to severl different courts, just for Scotts freedom. This case was so serious, it traved all the way to the United States Supreme Court. First thing they had to check was to see is Scott was a citizen of Missouri, which he wasn't. Secondly, they had to check to see whether the Missouri Compromise was even legal, which they found it not to be. -
The Presidential Election of 1860
In the summer of 1860, the differences between the northern Democrats and the southern Democrats finally ripped the Democratic party apart. Northerners nominated Stephen Douglas of Illinois and the southerners chose John C. Breckinridge, Breckinridge wanted to spread slavery to the west, and he believed that the states had rights. Abraham Lincoln, another candidate, seemed to havev a more moderate view on slavery. Lincoln received 180 electoral votes out of 303. -
The Presidental Election of 1860 2
Lincoln shocked many because he had no southern votes, but his victory was a very sectional one -
The Attack on Fort Sumter
On April 12th, 1861, Abraham Lincoln announced his plans to send supplies to the fort, which made Confederate General P.G.T Beauregard bombard Fort Sumter. Confederate troops attacked Fort Sumter. After the supply ships arrived, they didn't attempt to reach the fort because if they would have tried, they would of been shot at by the gun batteries. The suppies were sent to Charleston Harbor, in Charleston City, which layed the main ship channel.
