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Richard Nixon Becomes President (1)
Richard Nixon was elected as President of the United States on November 5th, 1968. Many middle-class Americans wanted peace in vietnam but did not want to accept defeat, so Nixon’s political strategy was to appease the middle-class Americans by identifying their fears. He adopted positions and signed democratic bills, raised social security benefits, increased federal funds for low-income housing and expanded the jobs corps. Later in his presidency he uses his power to propose a plan. -
Roosevelt 1st Election
Roosevelt was the Republican Party nominee for the 1904 presidential election. It seemed that Roosevelt had a head start in the presidential office; when he took over after McKinley in the previous years as president. Roosevelt eventually defeated Parer by a wide margin, and went on to serve full term as President of the United States. After his election in 1904, Rosevelt made one of his first goals strengthening the interstate commerce commission. -
Stock Market Crash
The main goal of the stock market is to allow smaller companies the opportunity to expand by selling shares of their business. On October 29, 1929, The stop market had crash; at first it had just affected people heavily involved in the stock market, but it soon started affecting the nation's economy, and people who never even owned stock were affected. The bank often closed down because the businesses were unable to repay their debts, due to bankruptcy. -
CCC
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) employed about 3 million men between the ages of 18-25 to work on projects that benefited the public. Such as planting trees to reforest areas, building levees for flood control, and improving national parks, etc. Most popular form of legislation. These men could only keep 20-25% of the money earned and the rest was sent back to family. -
Social Security Act
Social Security Act of 1935 created a federal insurance program based on the automatic collection of taxes from employees and employers throughout people's working careers. It guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65 and set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health. The unemployed, disabled, and mothers with dependent children would also receive this money. -
FDR Court Packing Scandal
On February 5, 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt announces a proposal to expand the Supreme Court to as many as 15 judges, to make it more efficient. Following the Court's actions in striking down major New Deal laws, the FDR came to believe that some justices were out of touch with the nation's needs. Congress believed Roosevelt's proposal endangered the Court's independence and said no. -
HUAC Formed
House Un-American activities Committee (HUAC) was an investigating committee which investigated un-American propaganda/allegations of communist activity in the U.S, during the early years of the Cold War. Committee investigated Commmunist influence inside and outside the US government after WWII. -
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Battle of Britain
July-October 1940, The Battle of Britian was an air campaign between the Luftwaffe and the United Kingdom. Following the Battle of France, Hitler attempted to invade Britain. Britain fought off the German attack and that was considered the first major allied victory and was a crucial turning point in the war. The end result of this battle, Luftwaffe's losses and Britain wins. Because of Britains victory
they gained french beaches and the loss of German control. -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor was an attack by the Japanese Aircraft to America on December 7, 1941. There were multiple reasons why the Pearl Harbor occurred, after being hit by depression, they wanted to prevent the US from attacking Japan, they wanted to take over countries in Southeast Asia, China, oil embargo and needed other natural resources. The United States declared war on Japan the next day. -
Operation Overlord/D-Day
Operation Overlord was the official code name for the invasion of Normandy. The objective of D-day was an all-out attack on Hitler's Nazi Empire. Bombs were being dropped on German Military guarding the beaches before the naval assault. D-Day was a turning point in the war. The day of invasion of Normandy was June 6, 1944, over 9,000 soldiers died. -
FDR Dies/Truman President
FDR dies and Truman was only Vice President for 4 months when he was abruptly made President of the US in 1945 after this tragic event. FDR had presided over the Great Depression and most of World War II, leaving an impact on American politics for several years. He also left Truman with a difficult decision of whether or not to continue to develop/use the atomic bomb. It was not until Roosevelt died that Truman learned of the Manhattan Project because of FDR hiding the topic from Truman. -
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Nuclear Bomb Dropped on Hiroshima/Nagasaki
The U.S developed two atomic bombs; named "Little Boy" and "Fat Man" created by the Manhattan Project. The U.S decided to drop the two bombs on Japan because Japan refused to surrender, causing the war to drag on. The U.S offered a unconditional surrender known as the "Potsdam Declaration" and Japan ignored it. Roughly 70,000-146,000 civilians killed and 20,000 soldiers were killed at Hiroshima. -
Germany Breaks Munich Pact
The Munich agreement was a settlement between Germany, France, Italy and Great Britain to clarify the future of the Sudetenland in Western Czechoslovakia. The agreement said that Germany could not take over more land. -
Vietnam Day
On September 2nd, 1945, Vietnam became an independent country. President Ho Chi Minh read the Declaration of Independence and declared Vietnam from France and Japan. Like other countries Vietnam celebrates their National Day with their flag, and celebrations. -
United Nations Created
The United Nation organization consisted of independent states formed in 1945 after WWII to promote international peace and security. It was designed to make enforcement of international law, security, human rights, economic and social progress easier for countries around the world. -
Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine was first announced to Congress by President Harry S. Truman on March 12, 1947. the Truman Doctrine was introduced because the British had told Truman that they could no longer afford to keep British troops in Greece. This made Truman fear the spread of communism to Greece.The doctrine was President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism. -
Berlin Airlift
The Berlin Airlift lasted for more than a year and carried more than 2.3 million tons of cargo into West Berlin due to the blockade by Russia. The Soviet Union decided to blockade the city of Berlin because they thought that if they block the city of Berlin with no access to food or supplies France, Britain and the U.S would leave and the Soviet Union would have Berlin all to themselves. The airlift lasted from Jun 24, 1948 - May 12, 1949. -
Korean War
Communist North Korea invaded South Korea across the 38th parallel, which cause the Korean War on June 15, 1950. The U.N. raised an international army led by the U.S. to stop the North. It was the first use of U.N. military forces to enforce international peace. The UN ended the Korean conflict. -
Rosenberg Trials
The Rosenberg Trial consisted of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were American communists; husband and wife. Ethel was now for breaking codes between Moscow, and the wife was accused for knowing theses secrets and being involved. The media used propaganda as fear to Mae sure the people's views were set straight. They were eventually proven guilty and executed for passing nuclear weapons secrets to the USSR. -
Brown v. Board of Education
In 1954 this was a landmark of United States Supreme Court. The Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
White Citizens Council
The first was formed on July 11,1954, with about 15,000 members mostly in the South, the group was well known for its opposition to racial integration in the South. Stated that the south would not be integrated, it imposed economical and political pressure against those who favored compliance with the supreme court's decision. -
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Vietnam War
The US went to war in Vietnam because they entered Vietnam in a attempt to prevent the spread of communism in Vietnam, on November 1,1955. TheVietnam War officially ends on Mar 29, 1973 for the United States. The last U.S. combat soldiers leave Vietnam, but military advisors and some Marines remain. Over 3 million Americans have served in the war, nearly 60,000 are dead, some 150,000 are wounded, and at least 1,000 are missing in action. -
Rosa Parks Arrested
On 1st December 1955 Rosa Parks was arrested for breaking the bus segregation law in Montgomery, Alabama. She was arrested when the bus became full she was in the white-only section and refused to move to another seat, this was breaking the bus segregation law. -
Sputnik
Sputnik, was the first artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears that Soviets were ahead in both space exploration and military missiles, this forced Eisenhower to increase defense spending and accelerate America's space program.It led to the creation of NASA and the space race. -
Ho Chi Minh Trail
The Ho Chi Minh Trail was built in 1959. It was a network of jungle paths from North Vietnam through Cambodia into South Vietnam, the jungle paths were used as a military route by North Vietnam to supply the Vietcong during the Vietnam War. This was significance because it provided the Vietminh a safe way to transfer supplies and arms to the Vietcong because the US could not attack the trail since it is mainly in Laos and Cambodia -
Greensboro Sit-ins
Greensboro Sit-ins occurred in 1960. 4 local black students entered Woolworth's store and sat on white's only seats, they refused to move until served. 27 students took part on the second day, there were 300 by the fourth day. By the end of the week store temporarily closed to halt the sit-ins. Similar sit-ins and protests were taking place in many other states. -
Freedom Rides
Civil Rights campaign of the Congress of Racial Equality in which protesters traveled by bus through the South to desegregate bus stations; white violence against them prompted the Kennedy administration to protect them and become more involved in civil rights.Diane Nash was the organizer of the Freedom Rides -
Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall was a barrier constructed by East Germany starting on 13 August 1961. It completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin. During this time Germany was split into two sections. The Soviet Union had half while the United States, France, and Great Britain had the other. The Berlin Wall was destroyed on November 9th, 1989. -
Cuban Missle Crisis
The President at this time was John F. Kennedy when Nuclear-armed Soviet missiles were on Cuba, just 90 miles from the U.S. shore. The US became very worried about having a "Soviet satelite" equiped with nuclear weapons so close to them so JFK needed to respond. He made it clear that the US would use military force to neutralize the missile threat. Then Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev offered to remove the Cuban Missiles in exchange for the U.S. promising not to invade Cuba -
1963 March on Washington
“I have a Dream”. In August 1963, civil rights leaders organized a massive rally in Washington to urge passage of President Kennedy's civil rights bill. The high point came when MLK Jr., gave his "I Have a Dream" speech to more than 200,000 marchers in front of the Lincoln Memorial -
Equal Pay Act
1963, An amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act, this act requires equal pay for men and women doing equal work. Prohibits discrimination in wages between employees on the basis of sex for substantially equal work on jobs that require equal skill, effort, and responsibility under similar working conditions -
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
John F. Kennedy was the 35th president from 1961 until he was assassinated in 1963. Lee Harvey Oswald is who killed JFK. Nobody knows the really answer except for Oswald who was slightly mentally unstable. JFK was in Texas at the time of the shooting because JFK was beginning his campaign trail to be elected again for a second term. -
Civil Rights Act
Prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal. This document was the most sweeping civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. -
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was a resolution of the U.S. Congress and was passed on August 7, 1964 in direct response to a naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. It is a historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia. -
Opperation Rolling Thunder
Opperation Rolling Thunder was a strategy of gradually bombing of North Vietnam, began in February 1965. Less than a month later, Johnson ordered the first US combat troops to South Vietnam, and in July he shifted US troops from defensive to offensive operations, dispatching 50,000 more soldiers -
Anti-War Movement
The Anti-War Movement was a student protest that started as the Free Speech movement in California spread around the world. All members of the Anti-War Movement shared an opposition to war in Vietnam and condemned U.S. presence there. They claimed this was violating Vietnam's rights. This movement resulted in growing activism on campuses and aimed at social reform. It was primarily a middle-class movement. -
Assassination of Malcolm X
Malcolm X was a Black Muslim minister and an influential black leader who moved away from King's non-violent methods of civil disobedience. He split with the Black Muslim movement and formed the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) which attracted thousands of young, urban blacks with its message of socialism and self-help. Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965 while giving a speech in NYC. -
Loving v Virginia
1967, Loving, a white man who married a black woman challenged his conviction under Virginia Law. The court struck down the law as an unconstitutional violation of the Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause. In his opinion Warren held that "Under our Constitution, the freedom to marry, or not marry, a person of another race resides with the individual and cannot be infringed by the state." -
Race Riots 1967
The Race Riots in 1967 was clearly rioting in major US. cities due to frustration of discrimination. In April 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King was assassinated, riots spread to over 106 cities across the country. -
Tet-offensive
The Tet-offensive was a crushing defeat for North Vietnam on the US. The objective was to transition from guerilla-style war to regular warfare to achieve a decisive victory. They launched an offensive with motor and rocket attacks over 100 cities across the country. A few of the main targets hit were Saigon and Da Nang. The Tet-offensive became a turning point in the war for the Vietcong, because they had been “losing” since then and were finally able to keep up and start growing more powerful. -
Assassination of MLK
On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated at a Memphis hotel. James Earl Ray, a white man who resented the increasing black influence in society. King's murder set off a new round of riots across the country, while both blacks and whites mourned the tragic death of a charismatic leader. -
Secret meeting (5)
In 1969, Nixon and Henry Kissinger began a secret meeting with North Vietnam's foreign minister Le Duc Tho. When they failed to compromise, Nixon ordered massive bombing of North Vietnam to force a settlement. After several weeks, the North Vietnamese agreed, that the United States would withdraw the last of its troops and get back the prisoners of war. This lead to the promising of The Paris Accords. -
Nixon Proposes a Plan (2)
On May 14, 1969, President Nixon Proposes a plan where the United States and North Vietnam would agree to withdraw forces from South vietnam. This was a Nixon's attempt to end the war, which is called “Vietnamization”. Because of Nixon's plan he proposed to withdraw US forces he then affirms his plan. -
Nixon Doctrine (3)
The Guam Doctrine, also known as the “Nixon Doctrine” was officially created during the Vietnam War. The doctrine stated that the US would honor its existing defense commitments, but in the future other countries would have to fight their own wars without support of American troops. It also states that individual nations will have a larger responsibility for their own security. Later on, tables turn and Nixon Orders an invasion. -
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Woodstock
Woodstock was a festival that began August 15th, 1969 in Bethel, New York. It was one of the most famous rock concerts that had ever been held and is now considered a symbol for the counterculture movement of the 1960s. Over 400,000 people attended the event. -
Nixon Orders Invasion of Cambodia (4)
On April 30th, 1970 President Richard Nixon asks the American people to support his decision to send troops into Cambodia in response to North Vietnam's invasion of the country. Nixon did this in order to destroy Communist supply routes and base camps that were located in Cambodia. After this event, it then moves onto a secret meeting. -
Kent State
The Kent State was a massacre of four college students by National Guardsmen on May 4, 1970, in Ohio. In response to Nixon's announcement that he had expanded the Vietnam War into Cambodia, college campuses across the country exploded in violence. The guardsmen opened fired on a group of protestors, killing 4 and wounding 9. -
Paris Accords (6)
Created in January 1973; Peace agreement between the United States, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and the Viet Cong called the Paris Accords. The Paris Accords also promised a cease-fire and free elections. However, the armistice did not end the war. Within time the signing of The Paris Accords eventually occurred. -
Paris Accords Signed (7)
12 days of serious negotiations, some lasted 14 hours, Four groups signed. But it finally allowed the United States to extricate itself from this war. This was officially titled the agreement on the ending of the war, and restoring peace in vietnam. It was officially signed on January 27, 1973 to establish peace and allow the Vietnam War to end. After the war had ended it lead to thousands fleeing Saigon. -
Fall of Saigon (9)
The war in Vietnam ends and North Vietnam attacked South Vietnam, their job is to take over Saigon. At the time of the Paris Accords the communist troops invade Saigon. American and Vietnamese run for US Maris helicopter during the execution of the city. Trying to make space for people, the US navy aboard the USS Blue Ridge push a helicopter into the sea off the coast of Vietnam in order to make room for more evacuation flights from Saigon. -
Thousands Flee Saigon (8)
Hundreds of South Vietnamese civilians scrambling to board a single U.S. helicopter. During the weeks of April, an invasion of Saigon by the North Vietnamese has become certain, and thousands attempt to flee the region. Eventually the Fall of Saigon takes place. -
South Vietnam Falls to Communists (10)
South Vietnam Falls to Communists, On April 30, 1975, South Vietnam Falls to Communists, North Vietnamese Communist and Viet Cong forces captured the South Vietnamese capital of Saigon, forcing South Vietnam to surrender and bring Vietnam War to an end.
