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Early Code Separation in the Second Language Speech of Spanish-Speaking.
showed that although the plural is realised in almost exactly the same way in Spanish and in English, Spanish children learning English still went through a phase of omitting plural marking -
Thought and Language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
who believed that all learning was essentially social, have explored the way in which L2s are learned through a process of co-construction between 'experts' and 'novices' -
Universal Grammar and Second Language Acquisition. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
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Assignment of Gender to French Nouns in Primary and Secondary Panguage: A Connectionist Model. Second Language Research 8, 1:39-58.
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he Study of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Similar sequences of acquisition have been found for a wide range of structures in a range of languages. -
Input and Interaction in Language Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
In contrast to these models, the interactionist approach has paid particular attention to the nature of the interactions L2 learners typically engage in. It has focused on investigating, for example, the role of negotiation for meaning in the context of NS-NNS (Native Speaker - Non-Native Speaker) conversations -
Chomsky's Universal Grammar. An introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.
The UG approach, following in the footsteps of L1 acquisition research, applies the Chomskyan paradigm -
Morphology and Longer Distance Dependencies: Laboratory Research Illuminating the A in SLA. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 19:145-71.
Computer models of such processes have had some success in replicating the L1 and L2 acquisition of some linguistic patterns (e.g. past tense, gender; -
Developmental Dynamics in L1 and L2 Acquisition: Processability Theory and Generative Entrenchment. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 1, 1:1-20.
the developmental stages in the acquisition of German word-order, in both naturalistic and instructed learning contexts and irrespective of the L1 of the learners, are claimed to be as follows -
Second Language Learning Theories. London: Arnold.
Similar sequences of acquisition have been found for a wide range of structures in a range of languages -
The Generative Study of Second Language Acquisition. Mahwah, New Jersey: Erlbaum.
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On Two Hypotheses of 'Tranfer' in L2A: Minimal Trees and Absolute L1 Influence. In S. Flynn, G. Martohardjono & W. O'Neil (eds), The Generative Study of Second Language Acquisition, 35-60. New Jersey: Erlbaum.