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Ptolemy was an astronomer that made a statement saying that Earth was the center of the universe. According to this statement, other planets and the sun moved around the earth.
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In this time era, scientists began to think that they should begin to draw conclusions and should make observations. They learned that they should begin conducting experiments. These changes were the starting points of the Scientific Revolution.
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Nicolaus Copernicus abandoned Ptolemy's statement and developed the heliocentric theory. This meant that the planets and earth moved around the sun.
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Although not working together, Isaac Newton and Gottfried Liebnitz invented calculus. The two developed their ideas independently.
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The microscope was an invention that allowed people to look through a lens that magnified objects. The difference between this and the telescope is that the telescope for magnifying things in the distance whereas the microscope is close up with microscopic objects. This allowed Antoni van Leeunwenhoek to later discover bacteria.
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When Copernicus published his theory, it received very little attention. This was because people said because you could see the sun and planets move but couldn't feel earth move that it meant Earth must be what the sun and planets move around.
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Andreas Vesalius published a book on the human body that had seven volumes. He helped to explain how parts of the body worked together and what they did. He included very detailed drawings of the body.
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Johannes Kepler wanted to prove that the heliocentric theory was correct. Kepler used observation, models and mathematics to attempt to prove the heliocentric theory was correct. Even though he faced the issue of some of the ideas the heliocentric theory was based off of being proved wrong, he eventually proved the theory right and published his laws of planetary motion.
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Francis Bacon believed that no assumptions should be trusted unless they can be proved repeatedly by experiments. Bacon only believed an assumption if it could be demonstrated physically. Bacon published his new knowledge system in Novum Organum.
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After reading about a device of the Dutch that made objects far away appear larger, Galileo built his own device that did the same. Nowhere near as advanced as today's telescopes, Galileo's could still allow him to make great observations about other planets, moons and the sun. Galileo published observations that stated that not all heavenly bodies revolve around the earth.
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René Descartes thought differently than others. He thought that no assumptions should me be accepted if they are not questioned. He stated in Discourse on Method that assumptions should be proven by already known facts.
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Boyle made a discovery that really helped to pioneer chemistry. He proved that pressure and temperature affect the space occupied by a gas.
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Isaac Newton built off the idea of the heliocentric theory and the work that Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo did on it. His book explained more about it than other work because it explained why the planets moved the way it did. Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo didn't do this.
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By this time, a new scientific approach has spread and the speed of discovery has greatly improved. Human understanding has increased dramatically and scientists now don't believe something is true unless it can be proved my experimenting multiple times. The Scientific Revolution has changed the way scientific discoveries are made.
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Priestley was an English chemist. He discovered the element oxygen however he did not name it, he only discovered it.
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Antoine Lavoisier was a French scientist. He named Joseph Priestley's discovered element oxygen later in the year 1774.
