-
Michael Servetus proposed a new theory about the pulmonary circulation of the blood. He was later found guilty of heresy and burned at the stake.
-
In 1561 Gabriel Fallopio announced his discovery of the Fallopian tubes in his Anatomical Observations.
-
Pope Gregory XIII suggested reform of the Julian calendar. This lead Catholic Europe away from the Julian calendar
-
In 1585 Simon Stevin proposed the use of decimals in mathematics.
-
Thomas Harriot travels to America and discusses its wonders, among them tobacco. He wrote about it in a Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia
-
In 1608 he telescope is invented in the Netherlands. It employed a convex objective lens and a concave eyepiece.
-
Johannes Kepler's Dioptrics analyzes optical refraction and proposes a practical means to improve the Galilean telescope.
-
In 1623 Galileo published his strategic essay, The Assayer where he argues against Aristotle and the Scholastics in favor of mathematical and experimental methods.
-
Johannes Kepler published the Rudolphine Tables. The tables were based on Tycho's data and his own laws of planetary motion. He provided the most accurate astronomical tables up to that time.
-
A much more detailed description with illustrations of the surface features of the Moon is given by Johannes Hevelius.
-
In 1669 Isaac Newton builds his first reflecting telescope. The design included an eyepiece and a concave mirror.
-
In 1683 The Ashmolean Museum (Oxford) is established as the first public museum in England by Elias Ashmole.
-
In 1684 Gian Domenico Cassini observes the third and fourth satellites of Saturn (Dione and Thetys)
-
In 1687 Isaac Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy proposes foundational principles for what has come to known as classical mechanics
-
In 1696 the first Calculus written by Marquis de L'Hopital was published