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Sputnik/Mercury/Gemini Program
The Soviet Union, Alan B. Shepard, and Jim Lovell were involved. Sputnik got the U.S. involved in Space Exploration which started the whole thing and Sputnik was in Russia. Mercury and Gemini missions tok place in America when Sputnik launched October 4th 1957. -
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Pioneer Program
All of the missions in the pioneer program were successful missions and were not meant to return to Earth. A series of spacecrafts in this mission performed first kind of exporations of the sun, Jupiter, Saturn, and Venus. These crafts explored The Moon, Sun, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn. They did this to get to know more about space and for planetary exploration. No-man mission/program. -
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Venera Probes
Soviet Union space program ran these probes. Three of the probes were failures, two were orbiters, six landers, three probes, and two orbiters and landers. There were 16 missions to Venus. These probes figured out that lightning and thunder exists on Venus, and it launched from Sight 31. -
Mariner Mission 1 Launch Date
The first Mariner mission, Mariner 1, was almost identical to the Mariner 2 mission, which was meant to flyby Venus, but mission 1 was a failed mission as the rocket that mariner 1 was in went off course. -
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Mariner missions 1-10 timespan
The timespan of the Mariner missions was from July 22, 1962 to February 5, 1974, yet this was only the timespan of missions 1-10. NASA and JPL are still planning missions 11 and 12 today -
Mariner Mission 2 Launch Date
Mission 2 of the Mariner Program was a successful flyby for Venus. -
Mission 2 passes Venus
On December 14th, Mariner Mission 2 passed within 21,603 miles of Venus, collecting close up photos and data of the planet for NASA. -
Marine Mission 4 Launch Date
Mariner Mission number 4 was the first successful mission to mars, and returned with the first successful close-up images of mars, giving us information of it's surroundings, and proof that there is no life on mars. -
Mariner 5 discovers atmospherical data
On June 14th, 1967, Mariner mission 5 flew by Venus, discovering that it's atmosphere is made up of 72 1/2 - 82 1/2% of Carbon Dioxide. -
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Mars Rovers
America, Cape Canaveral, USSR, Britain, and Mars were all involed with the Mars Rovers. Mars 2 and 3 rovers were launched in 1971 and were both failed missions. Beagle 2 failed 6 days after launching and Sojourner landed July 1997 and discovered geology and the atsmosphere of Mars. Curiosity is on mars today. Rovers are powered by solar cells and the four successful rovers were Sojourner, Spirit, Opportunity, and Curiosity. All American rovers were a success. -
Mariner Mission 9
During this mission, number 9, this capsule captured the first ever pictures taken of the Martian Moons. -
Mariner Mission 10 Flyby Date
Collecting as much information as it could from Venus' atmosphere, surroundings, and surface, this mariner mission was a flyby and was the last one leading up to this date. Today, scientists are still planning the next two mariner missions, missions 11 and 12. -
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Voyager
The Voyager missions consisted of 2 Voyagers. Number 1, and 2. Voyager 1 was the first manmade object to travel through space and it traveled 11-18 billion miles
Voyager 1 launched August, 20th, 1977 1977, Voyager 2 launched, September 2, 1977. To investigate possible life, new stars, planets, galaxies, and other things. This is the longest operating mission is space and is still operating today. -
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Space Shuttle
The people involved included NASA, Japan, and Germany. It created Americas first reusable space shuttle and it carried 350 people into orbit. It was built as the largest structure in the spacew international space station. The first launch was on April 12th, 1981 and it retired after 135 missions. It was one of the biggest issues that broke the other space crafts. NASA is trying right now to create cheaper space craft's so that people can go into space. -
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Galileo Spacecraft
This spacecraft was meant to view only Jupiter, but figured out that it had 16 orbiting moons. It landed on Jupiter ont he great red spot, launching from it's base on October 18th 1986. It was released on July `3th 1995, and on December 7th, 1995 it became the first spacecraft to orbit Jupiter. The orbiter collected data on the outside and the probe collected data on the inside. -
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Magellan Spacecraft
This spacecraft launched May 4th, 1989, and its cost was around 680 million dollars. There were no magnetic fields, no moons, and it figured out that Venus had alot of flat volcanoes. -
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Hubble Space Telescope
This was a telescope built by NASA with contributions from the European space agency. IT was named after Edwin Hubble, and the cost was 2.5 billion dollars. It observed pluto and disovered new moon. This Hubble space telescope launched from the Kennedy Space center in Florida on April 24th, 1990. In 1978, Congress gave 36 million dollars to NASA for raising money for the telescope. Every 97 minutes the Hubble makes a revolutiokn around the Earth and all of the instruments are powered by sunlight -
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N.E.A.R Mission
The Discovery Program was involved with this mission and was the first spacecraft to orbit an asteroid. The cost was 150 million dollars and took a 3 year development. It wanted to make the first quantitative and comprehensive measurements of an asteroid. It took pictures at different heights and determined the mass and density of the asteroid. -
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The Cassini Mission
The Cassini Mission sent an orbiter into space and probe to Titan. It orbited Saturn and cost around 3.26 billion dollars. The probe landed on Titan and was simiiar to the Galileo mission. The probe landed on Titan January 14, 2005 -
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Space Stations
NASA, Boeing-Eesa, Roscosmos, CSAASC and Jaxa were all involed with these space stations. Space Crafts designed to stay in space and hold a crew for a long time under low Earth orbit were created here. 400 experiments have been conducted in 9 years and the countries involed are the U.S. Russia, Europe, and Japan. Expedition 1 launched Oct, 31st, 2000, Landed March 21 2000 and was inorbit for 141 days. Expedition 35 launched Dec, 19th, 2012 and has been docked on Dec, 21st 2012. Land in May 2013. -
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Genisis
The Genesis spacecraft launched from Florida's Cape Air force Station and it cost about 200 million dollars. Findings from this mission helped solve and Apollo lunar soil myswtery. -
Working on 11 & 12 today
NASA and JPL are still working as a team today to send out missions 11 and 12 of the Mariner Program.