-
Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Pompey, Licinius Crassus helped bring end to Republic.
-
Caesar’s murder did not save the Republic.
-
43 BC, Secon Triumvirate took power – Caesars adopted son, Octavian; loyal officer
-
Lepidus pushed aside; Antony, Octavian agreed to govern half the empire each, Octavian in west, Antony in East.
-
Octavian decided it impossible to return Rome to republican form of government. Created new political order, known today as the empire.
-
In 27 BC, Senate gave Octavian title Augustus, “the revered one”.
Title a religious honor; able to wear laurel and oak leaf crown. -
Augustus died AD 14, empire ruled by Caesar’s relatives for 54 years. Julio-Claudian Emperors’ abilities varied widely.
-
Following Nero’s death, Civil wars raged in Rome. Four military leaders claimed throne in turn.
-
AD 96, new line of emperors establishes – Good Emperors.
-
Five Rulers governed Rome for almost a century.
-
From provinces different than Rome, continued opening Roman imperial society.