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Luigi Cherubini
Italian theorist, teacher, administrator, and composer, French music such as opera and teaching others, composed 38 dramatic works, choral music, chamber music, pedagogical works, cantatas, sonatas, and masses -
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Ludwig van Beethoven
helped move music toward Romanticism, composed 9 symphonies, 1 opera, concertos, overtures, chamber music, choral music, aria, lieder, string quartets, masses, and 32 piano sonatas, established heroic topic in orchestral music -
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E. T. A. Hoffmann
German writer, artist, and composer, wrote the Nutcracker fable, stage works, piano works, vocal works, and some chamber/orchestral works -
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Nicolo Paganini
Italian violinist and composer, composed violin orchestral works, chamber music, vocal works, and violin solos, contributed to the history of violin -
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Ferdinand Ries
German composer, copyist, and pianist, studied under Beethoven, composed piano works, 8 symphonies, 54 songs, concertos, overtures, and chamber music -
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Carl Maria von Weber
Founder of German romantic opera, composed other dramatic works, cantatas, concertos, piano works, songs, 2 symphonies, and writings, studying with Micheal Haydn, was an important conductor -
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Gioachino Rossini
most famous composer in Vienna, Italian composer, composed 39 operas, choral music, vocal works, and 2 sinfonia -
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Gaetano Donizetti
studied under Mayr, composed 70 operas, symphonies, choral music, 100 songs, and chamber music, composed in all genres -
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Franz Schubert
Austrian composer, created artistic and dramatic Lieder, used expansive melodies, frequent modulations, composed over 600 Lieder, piano works, chamber music, 9 symphonies, 13 operas, and choral music -
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Vincenzo Bellini
Italian opera composer, composed 10 serious operas, operas had passion, action, and emotion -
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Hector Berlioz
French composer, conductor, innovator, and writing, leading French musician, composed operas, chamber music, choral music, works of nontraditional genres, vocal works, writings, tone poems, symphonies, and other writings -
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Mikhail Glinka
Father of Russian music, composed stage works, chamber music, vocal works, piano works, and orchestral works -
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Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel
German composer who was often discouraged from composing, sister to Felix Mendelssohn, composed an overture, 28 choral works, chamber music, and 250 lieder -
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Felix Mendelssohn
German composer, revived Bach's music, composed symphonies, concertos, chamber music, Lieder, piano works, and organ works, composed in a conservative style, important in conducting -
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Nineteenth Century/Romantic Period
Where the most radical changes of music occurred, emotions were a major influence on music, programmatic music, large and grand productions, beginnings of the drift of strict harmonies, improvisation was left in the baroque era -
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Robert Schumann
critic, composer, and editor, composed 4 symphonies, Lieder, chamber music, piano works, concertos, and 1 opera, lost his sanity ahah -
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Frederic Francois Chopin
Polish/French composer, pianist, composed piano concertos, chamber music (involving piano), and sonatas, innovated new piano techniques, known for character pieces -
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Franz Liszt
Conductor, author, virtuoso pianist, supported Wagner, innovated musical form, aesthetics and harmonics, composed tone poems (invented orchestral tone poems),dramatic works, vocal works, piano works, and concertos, also wrote -
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The War of 1812
United Kingdom versus Napoleon, involved the U.S. by capturing people and forcing them to be a part of the Royal Navy, U.K. supported Native Americans to prevent the U.S. from moving west -
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Giuseppe Verdi
leading Italian opera composer, composed 26 operas and choral music, national hero of Italy -
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Richard Wagner
created German Music Drama, conductor, writer, and musical innovator, composed operas, music dramas, writings, 2 poor symphonies, Anti-Semite, influenced western harmony -
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Charles Gounod
French composer, composed 12 operas, oratorios, masses, choral music, piano works -
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Clara Wieck Schumann
virtuoso pianist, wife to Robert Schumann, friend of Brahms, composed Lieder and piano concerto -
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Cesar Franck
French composer/teacher/organist, composed stage works, choral music, chamber music, vocal works, piano works, orchestral works, songs, and organ works -
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Bedrich Smetana
Czech composer, established Czech opera, composed tone poems and operas -
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Anton Bruckner
Austrian composer and organist, followed Wagner, composed symphonies, organ works and choral music, known for large orchestrations -
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Johann Strauss
Viennese composer, conductor and violinist, "Waltz-King", composed Viennese operetas -
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Stephen Foster
American songwriter, composed songs, had a vernacular style -
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Johannes Brahms
Austrian composer, composed 4 symphonies, concertos, Lieder, German Requiem, piano works, other orchestral works, chamber music, and choral music, one of the first editors of Bach's music, classic-romantic, friends with Schumann, conductor and pianist, never wrote an opera -
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Camille Saint-Saens
French composer, organist, and pianist, also wrote, composed stage works, choral works, chamber music, piano works, songs, and orchestral works -
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Georges Bizet
French composer, created new type of French opera (serious), composed songs, dramatic works and piano works -
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Modest Musorgsky
One of the Russian Mighty Five, composed operas, orchestral works, Russian songs and cycles, and piano works -
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John Knowles Paine
American organist and composer, composed stage works, songs, orchestral works, choral music, piano works, chamber works, and wrote, Harvard's first professor of music -
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Piotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky
Russian composer, conductor, and teacher, composed stage works, 6 symphonies, symphonic poems, concerts, songs, choral music, and chamber music, he also wrote -
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Antonin Dvorak
Most famous Czech composer, composed 9 symphonies, choral music, orchestral works, songs, concertos, piano works, and chamber music, influenced by African-American and Native American music/culture -
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Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov
Russian Mighty Five, teacher, conductor, and composer, composed symphonies, chamber music, symphonic poems, sons, 20 stage works, choral music, piano works, and also wrote -
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Gabriel Faure
French composer, keyboardist, and teacher, composed stage works, choral music, songs, vocal works, orchestral works, chamber music, piano works, and wrote, foreshadowed modern tonality and style, head of Paris Conservatory, important teacher -
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Leos Janacek
Cezch composer, ethnomusicologist, composed stage works, orchestral works, chamber music, choral music, keyboard works, and folksong arrangements, -
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John Philip Sousa
American composer, composed over 100 marches, vocal works, leader of the U.S. Marine Band in 1880 -
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Edward Elgar
English composer, composed symphonies, overtures, 9 stage works, choral music, chamber music, piano works -
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Giacomo Puccini
Italian opera composer, composed 10 operas, vocal works, instrumental and chamber works, aimed for realism, most successful Italian opera composer after Verdi -
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Hugo Wolf
Composed 250 Lieder and 1 opera, influenced by Wagner