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Period: to
Rise of Totalitarianism
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1917 Bolshevik takeover
While the provisional was in a collapse, the Bolshevik party, helped by German money, had built up an efficient party organization, a brilliant propaganda machine, and a powerful private army (the Red Guards). Nobody could stop Lenin. -
Russian Civil War Begins
A multi-party war in the former Russian empire fought between the Bolshevik Red army and the White Army, the loosely allied anti Bolshevik forces -
Mussolini Creates Fascist Party
This was a symbol of authority in ancint Rome. Mussolini talked about reviving roman greatness in his speeches. He organized veterans and other discontented Italians Italians into the Fascist party. -
Hitler Joins NSDAP
Hitler joined a small group of right wing extremists. In a year, he was the leader of the National Socialist German Workers, or Nazi Party. His Nazi "Storm Troopers" fought against communists and enemies. -
NEP
An economic policy proposed by Lenin. Lenin called this state capitalism. The NEP allowed small businesses to re-open for private profit, but the state still controlled banks, trade with foreign countries, and also controlled large industries. -
March on Rome
Fascists made a bid for power. They demanded that the government make changes. Tens of thousands of Fascists chanted "onto Rome" as they swarmed into the capital. -
Writes Mein Kampf
Means " My Struggle." Written by Hitler while in jail and it was the "Holy book of Nazi goals and ideology. -
Beer Hall "Putsch"
Hitler's attempt to overthrow the weimer government of Ebert and establish a right wing nationalistic one in its place. -
Lenin's Death
Lenin was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and communist politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. Worked to create a socialist economic system as the leader of the Bolsheviks. -
Collectivization of Agriculture
Goal was to consolidate individual land and labour into collective farms. -
Creation of Five Year Plans
A series of nation-wide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union. These plans were developed by a state planning committee based on the theory of Productive Forces that was part of the general guidelines of the Communist Party for economic development. -
Invasion of Manchuria
Manchuria was invaded by the Kwantung Army of the empire of Japan immediately following the Mukden incident. -
Nazi wins majority in election
With the government paralyzed by divisions, Nazi's and Communists won more seats in the reichstag, which is the lower house of the legislature. -
Hitler Becomes Chancellor
Conservative politicians decided that Hitler must become chancellor. They said he was a vulgar rabble-rouser but planned to use him for their own ends. -
Invasion of Ethiopia
Also remembered in history as the second Italo-Abyssinian war, Mussolini wanted to annex Ethiopia into one of Italy's newly created colonies in East Africa. Italy occupied Ethiopia but the the Abyssinians did not surrender to the Italian forces. -
Hitler Re-Militarizes Rhineland
The Treaty of Versailles had prevented Germany from having armed forces in the area of Germany between the Rhine river & France or Belgium. Hitler marched 22,000 of his troops into this area even though he was not supposed to. -
"Rape of Nanjing"
A mass murder and mass rape that occured during the six week period following the Japanese capture of the city of Nanjing. Nanjing was the former capital of the republic of China. The Japanese did this during the second Sino-Japanese War. -
"Great Purges"
A series of campaigns of political repression and murder in the Soviet Union led by Stalin. -
Capture of Sudetenland
Hitler persuaded the Czechs to surrender the sudetenland without a fight while at the Munich conference. -
Munich Conference
British and French leaders again chose appeasement. Hitler assured them both that he had no further plans for expansion. -
Anschluss
Union of Austria and Germany. This also violated the treaty of Versailles and created a brief war scare. -
Creation of Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis
A military alliance under the pact of Steel, with the Tripartite Pact of 1940 leading to the integration of the military aims of Germany and its two treaty-bound allies -
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Signed in Moscow under which the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany each pledged to remain neutral in the event that either nation were attacked by a third party. Germany ended this by invading the Soviet Union in 1941.
