Developments In Reading Historic Timeline (by Year Span) Created by Elissa Frazier
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Jan 1, 1527
Year-1527 -Valentin Ickelsamer wrote “The Shortest Way To Reading” book –The Alphabet method
1527 Valentin Ickelsamer wrote “The Shortest Way To Reading” book –The Alphabet method. -
Period: to
Early 1600s-1940s
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Year-1690-Influential Book: "The New Engliand Primer"
Dominated reading in America along with the Bible—emphasizing religion and morals. -
Unfoldment Theory impacted education.
Rousseau, Pestalozzi, and Froebel developed the Unfoldment Theory in the 1700s and early 1800s. I strongly agree with their beliefs of having children be interested in what they are learning as well as having a stimulating environment. -
Year 1836-McGuffey Readers-Dick & Jane Books
Year 1836—Dick & Jane Books—McGuffey Readers—first version of Basal Readers, skill based, not authentic, not diverse, some comprehension, taught morals -
Sentences Taught as a whole-George Farnham
Year-1881 George Farnham published pamphlet “The Sentence Method”—Sentences taught as a whole, then broken down to words and letters. -
Charles W. Eliot-Reading worthwhile content & literature.
Year- 1890 Charles W. Eliot asserts that children should have been reading worthwhile content & literature. -
Thorndike- Law of Effect
Year-1905 Thorndike created the (Law of Effect -
Wattson-Behaviorism changed views. Reading as a behavior.
Year 1913 John Watson: Behaviorism changed the depiction of reading from one of perceptual processing to one of reading as a behavior composed of isolated skills, each of which could be reinforced to increase student achievement. -
1923. First "readability" formula published. First standardized test published.
Year 1923 first “Readability Formula”, impacting reading levels -
John Dewey & Francis Parker's beliefs embraced. Child-centered exploration.
Year 1925 Dewey, Parker’s beliefs known- learning to read best took place in an atmosphere of purposeful, child-centered exploration and activity. -
1925-Methodology, reading is a series of steps.
Year: 1925 Reading should be taught in a series of steps, or a sequence -
F. Bartlett- developed "Schema Theory"
Year 1932: Barlett developed "Schema Theory." -
William Gray -authored "Basic Readers" Dick & Jane. He also developed skills model.
Year 1940 William Gray developed comprehension skills model of reading with four levels in a sequence. -
B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning became well known.
Year: 1948 Skinner, Operant Conditioning well known—Observable behavior, reinforced behaviors. -
"Look-Say" approach embraced.
Year: • 1950 “The Orbis” book and the “look-say” approach became known. -
Period: to
1950s-1960s
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Skill mastery and criterion referrenced tests.
Year: 1960-Criterion referenced tests began to be used in the 1960s to determine skill mastery. -
John Dewey's Inquiry Learning, problem--based learning.
1960s Dewey’s Inquiry Learning: aimed at producing citizens who could contribute to a democratic society, cognitive, reasoning, decision making, problem-based learning approach, collaboration instead of competition. -
Lyndon Johnson-Elementary & Secondary Education Act
Year 1965- Elementary and Secondary Education Act as part of Johnson’s “War on Poverty” allocating “Title 1” funds to ensure high-quality academic assessments and accountability systems. -
Jeanne Chall-Great Debate published book "Learning to Read."
Year 1967- Jeanne Chall, publishes book Learning to Read: The Great Debate, after conducting research on how to teach reading—“Code Emphasis” –decoding, early emphasis on knowledge of letters and sounds for children of poor socio-economic status. (Code emphasis vs. Meaning Emphasis.) -
Ken Goodman-Miscue analysis
Year 1967-Ken Goodman- influential-- Miscue analysis—Reading errors were “windows” to their comprehension. Readers used cues to make sense of what they were reading. -
Period: to
1970s-1980s
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Change from Basals with workbooks to tradebooks.
Years--1970s, Change from Basals with workbooks to tradebooks -
Frank Smith-Psycholinguistic Theory. & book "Understanding Reading."
Year: 1971, Frank Smith applied concepts from Psycholinguistic Theory to the teaching of reading in his highly influential book Understanding Reading. -
Rosenblatt-Transactional Reader Response Theory
Year: 1978 Louise Rosenblatt—Transactional Reader Response theory developed. Meaning is not with the reader or the text, but in the interaction of the two—in the transaction -
Lev Vygotsky-"zone of proximal development" impacted education.
Year: 1978-Vygotsky “zone of proximal” development. -
Louise Rosenblatt-Reader Response Theory continues to be embraced.
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Sociolinguistic Perspectives Embraced--Bloome & Greenfield
Year: 1980 Sociolinguistic Perspectives are embraced –Bloome & Greenfield-instructional, non-instructional, home & community contexts of literacy. -
Basals changed. More comprehension monitoring.
Year: 1980—Basals changed, more monitoring of comprehension, introduction of graphic organizers -
"Read Like a Writer" Integrated approach, reading & writing. Donald Graves
Year: 1983--Donald Graves—influence writing integrated language arts, reading and writing, the child as a writer, the notion of “read like a writer” from Donald Graves. Other workshop models include Lucy Calkins & Nancy Atwell. -
Reading Recovery Council
Year 1984-Reading Recovery—gained momentum in North America to dramatically reduce the number of first-grade students who have extreme difficulty learning to read and write and to reduce the cost of these learners to educational systems. -
Anderson emphasized just plain reading. "Becoming A Nation of Readers.'
Year: 1985-Richard Anderson “Becoming A Nation of Readers” just plain reading -
California Reading Framework Widespread promoting literature based reading.
Year 1988-Promoting literature based reading—adoption of California Reading Framework. -
Balanced Literacy
Year 1990-Marily Jager Adams publishes book “Beginning to Read” to balance whole language and phonics. -
Period: to
1990s-2000s
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Engagement Theory
1994-Engagement Theory:
Year 1994: Engaged learning is made up of eight indicators developed by Jones, Valdez, Nowakowski, and Rasmussen. In order to have engaged learning, tasks need to be challenging, authentic, and multidisciplinary. -
Whole Language becomes a reality.
Year 1995: Ken Goodman -"Whole Language" influenced by Noam Chomsky and his language acquisition theory. -
Reading Excellence Act passed
Year 1999-Reading Excellence Act, funds to improve teaching to support reading in K-3 classrooms. -
National Reading Panel releases findings.
Year 2000-National Reading Panel released findings-- stating that there are five essential components that must be taught in an effective reading program: phonemic awareness, phonics, reading fluency, vocabulary development, and reading comprehension.. -
Increased emphasis on "metacognition" within reading.
Year 2000-Metacognition awareness increases. Good readers employ a set of strategies when they encounter problems. Gradual transfer of release. -
Computers become commonplace in classrooms.
Year 2000 and ongoing: Computers become commonplace in classrooms. In 2003 social media impacts education. -
No Child Left Behind
Year 2001-No Child Left Behind Act—Testing, School Improvement, Bring students who were behind up to grade level and make (AYP) Adequate Yearly Progress, Title 1 funds, Highly Qualified Teachers. -
Phonics Bill Signed
2002-Phonics Bill is signed in response to National Reading Panel’s report to emphasize phonics over other methods of early reading instruction. -
RTI
Year 2004-RTI—Assessment, Diagnose, Implement Research based approaches for instruction, Progress Monitoring, reach levels (tiers) of learners in the general education classroom. -
Guthri-CORI & Engagement Theory
Year: 2004 Guthri—Engagement theory and CORI --(CORI) approach. -
Reading First provided funds for increased number of literacy coaches.
Year 2010-Reading First program provided a means to increase the number of literacy coaches. -
Common Core Standards launched
Year 2010: Common Core Standards launched -
Multi-tiered response systems--RTI
Year 2010-Now: Multi-tiered response system MTSS-Reading Interventions—Response to Intervention -
Race To the Top Grants announced under American Recovery Act
Year 2010-, Adopting rigorous college- and career-ready standards and assessments, Recruiting, evaluating, and retaining highly effective teachers and principals, Building data systems that measure student success and inform teaching and learning, Turning around low-performing schools. -
Technolgy used as supplemental reading supports, for assessments, etc.
Year Span: 2010-Now: Technology used in classrooms, used as supplemental reading supports, used for assessment, and collaboration, and to share responses to texts, teacher websites
