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PLANKALKUL
(1940s), designed by the german computer pioneer, Konrad Zuse. He developed ideas as to how his machines could be programmed in a very powerful way. Plankalkul stands for Plan Calculus.
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MATH-MATIC
(1955), written by a team led by Charles Katz under the direction of Grace Hopper. It was an early programming language for the UNIVAC 1 and UNIVAC 2. MATH-MATIC is the marketing name for the language.
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FORTRAN
(1957), created by John Backus that shortened the process of programming and made computer programming more accessible. FORTRAN, in full means Formula Translation.
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RPG
(1959), developed by the tech giant IBM as the Report Program Generator- a tool that was developed to serve as an alternative for the punch card processing system on the IBM 1401. It stands for Report Program Generator.
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COBOL
(1959), developed from the Conference on Data Systems Languages, a joint initiative between the U.S. government and the private sector. It was created to fulfill two major objectives: portability (the ability of programs to be run with minimum modification on computers from different manufacturers) and readability (the ease with which a program can be read like ordinary English). It stands for Common Business-Oriented Language.
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LISP
(1960), developed by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT). It was founded on the mathematical theory of recursive functions (in which a function appears in its own definition). LISP, in full means, list processing.
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BASIC
(mid-1960s), developed John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz at Dartmouth College. It was intended to be easy to learn by novices, particularly non-computer science majors, and to run well on a time-sharing computer with many users. BASIC was an acronym for Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.
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LOGO
(late 1960s), originated as a simplified LISP dialect for use in education; Seymour Papert and others used it at the MIT to teach mathematical thinking to schoolchildren. Its name came to from an early project to program a turtlelike robot.
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B
(1969), developed by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs. The main purpose of B was system development, not numeric computations. There is no evidence about what B stands for.
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ML
(1970s), developed by Robin Milner and his colleagues at the University of Edinburgh during their work on the Logic for Computable Functions (LCF). ML’s original purpose was meta-programming (writing programs that manipulate other programs). ML stands for “meta-language”.
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PASCAL
(1970), developed by Niklaus Wirth of Switzerland to teach structured programming, which emphasizes the orderly use of conditional and loop control structures without GOTO statements. It was named for the 17th century mathematician, Blaise Pascal.
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SQL
(1970s), developed by IBM researchers Raymond Boyce and Donald Chamberlin. It is used to communicate with and manipulate databases. It stands for Structured Query Language.
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C
(early 1970s), developed by Dennis M. Ritchie at Bell Labs. It was designed as a minimalist language to be used in writing operating systems for minicomputers. C was an acronym for compiled language.
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C++
(early 1980s), developed by Bjarne Stroustrup of Bell Labs. It extended C by adding objects to it while preserving the efficiency of C programs. C++ was originally called ‘C with classes,’ and was built as an extension of the C language. Its name reflects its origins; C++ literally means ‘increment C by 1.’
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ADA
(early 1980s), A team led by Dr. Jean Ichbiah at CII-Honeywell-Bull in France. It was designed according to the fundamental software engineering principles of efficiency, reliability, portability, and maintainability. The letters in the name are not an acronym, it was chosen in honor of Augusta Ada Lovelace, a mathematician who is sometimes regarded as the world’s first programmer.
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PYTHON
(late 1980s), conceptualized by Guido van Rossum. It was designed as a response to the ABC programming language that was also foregrounded in the Netherlands. Python was not named after the snake, it’s named after the British TV show, Monty Python.
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JAVA
(early 1990s), created at Sun Microsystems, Inc., where James Gosling led a team of researchers in an effort to create a new language that would allow consumer electronic devices to communicate with each other. Its name doesn’t really stand for anything.
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VISUAL BASIC
(1991), developed by Microsoft. It made to make it a lot faster and easier to write programs for the new, graphical Windows operating system. There is no special meaning to the name.
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PHP
(1994), created by Rasmus Lerdorf. It was originally used for tracking visits to his online resume. PHP stands for Personal Home Page.
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Delphi
(1995), Borldand (Anders) revived its version of Pascal when it introduced the rapid application development environment named Delphi. It was made to allow to make database tools and connectivity a central part of the new Pascal product. Its name was chosen due to them not being able to choose a name beforehand, that it sort of became comedic.
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JAVASCRIPT
(1995), created by Brendan Eich during his time at Netscape Communications. Its main purpose was to break the Microsoft monopoly. Its name was to make it like as a companion to the programming language, Java.
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