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In 1690 Leibnitz developed a machine that could add, subtract, multiply, divide, and calculate square roots. The instructions were programmed into the machine. Programming was accomplished through the use of gears. The drawback to this machine was that the instructions could not be changed without changing the whole machine. Source: http://library.thinkquest.org/11309/data/history.htm
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By the late 1930s punched-card machine techniques were established and reliable. Source: http://www.eingang.org/Lecture/hmark1.html
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Howard Aiken, along with engineers at IBM, constructed a large automatic digital computer based on standard IBM parts. The machine/computer was called the Harvard Mark I. It was programmed by using pre-punched paper tape. Source: http://www.eingang.org/Lecture/hmark1.html
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John Backus and others developed the first FORTRAN compiler in April 1957. Source: https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~shallit/Courses/134/history.html
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LISP, a list-processing language for artificial intelligence programming, was invented by John McCarthy. Source: https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~shallit/Courses/134/history.html
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Many new programming languages were invented, such as BASIC which was developed in 1964 by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz. Source:
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Brian Kernighan and Ritchie developed C, an influential programming language. Source: https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~shallit/Courses/134/history.html
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Other new programming languages, such as Pascal was invented by Niklaus Wirth. Source: https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~shallit/Courses/134/history.html
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Prolog, a general purpose logic programming language associated with artificial intelligence and computational linguistics was created. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolog
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C++ (pronounced "see plus plus") is a programming language that is an enhancement of the C Programming Language. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B
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In the 1980’s; One important new trend in language design was an increased focus on programming for large-scale systems through the use of modules. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
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Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl
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In the 1990's. The Internet created an opportunity for new languages to be adopted. In particular, the Java programming language rose to popularity because of its early integration with the Netscape Navigator web browser. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_programming_languages
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In 1991 Visual Basic was released. Source: http://www.max-visual-basic.com/history-of-visual-basic.html
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In 2001 C# and Visual Basic .NET were developed. Source: http://www.max-visual-basic.com/history-of-visual-basic.html