presidents of era 1860-1920

James Buchanan

Mar 4, 1857

Buchanan condemned both free trade and prohibitive tariffs. Buchana considered the essence of good self government to be found on restrant. Buchanan was irked that abolititonists were preventing the solution to the slavery problem.

Abraham Lincoln

Mar 4, 1861

lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation on september 22, 1862 and put into effect on january 1, 1863 it declared all slaves free.

Andrew Johnson

Apr 15, 1865

He was inpeanched from office. He vetood more bills then any previous presanet. He belived to keep the power out of the wealthy hands

Ulysses S. Grant

Mar 4, 1869

Grant's personal reputation as president suffered from the contined scandals caused by many appointees and personal associates and for the ruined economy caused by panic of 1873. Grant had multiple opportunities to strengthen the superme court with nomiations

Rutherford B. Hayes

Mar 5, 1877

hayes had been a firm supporter of republican recontruction policies throgthout his political career. even without the conditions of the wormley's hotal agreement hayes would have been hard pressed to contine the policies of his predecesors . Hayes's later attempts to protect the rigths of southern blacks were ineffective as were his attempts to rebuild repubilcan strengthin the south

James A. garfield

Mar 4, 1881

President Garfield had a mere four months to establish his presidency before he was shot by charles J. Guiteau. Garield lived for 80 days after he was shot, but was unable to govern. Garfield's persistent call for civil service reform,however, was fulfilled with passage of the primary motivation for the feform bill's passage

Chester A. Arthur

Sep 20, 1881

Arthur signed the pendleton civil service reform acting law on january 16,1883. Arthur mostly agreed with his party and in 1882 called for the abolitilion of excise taxes on everything except liquor as well as a improvements and reduce excise taxes.

Grover Cleveland

Mar 4, 1885

Benjamin Harrison

Mar 4, 1889

Civil service reform was an important part of President Harrison's agenda. He was responsible for creating the Dependent and Disability Pension Act in 1890. He also signed the Sherman Antitrust Act into law.

William McKinley

Mar 4, 1897

he wanted no wars of conquest.McKinley did not want to go to war with spain, but after the U.S.S. Maine was sunk he had no chocie.McKinley expanded the nation's hope to increase trade in China.

Theodore Roosevelt

Sep 14, 1901

President Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for ending the Russo-Japanese War. He was a leader in civil service reform. President Roosevelt was and still is the youngest president.

William Howard Taft

Mar 4, 1909

Woodrow Wilson

Mar 4, 1913

Warren G. Harding

Mar 4, 1921

Calvin Coolidge

Aug 3, 1923