-
Period: to
Rutherford B. Hayes
Republican -
Wilson-Gorman Tariff
Tariff reduction -
Half-Breeds
Led by James G. Blaine, competing for control of the Republican Party, favored reform -
Stalwarts
Led by Roscoe Conkling; competign for control of the Republican Party; favored traditional, professional machine politics -
Period: to
James Garfield
Republican -
Period: to
Chester A. Arthur
Republican -
Chinese Exclusion Act
Prohibited new Chinese immigrants from entering America and prevented Chinese already residing in America from gaining citizenship -
Civil Rights Cases
Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment prohibited state governments but not private organizations from practicing racism -
Pendleton Act
Required that some federal jobs be filled by competitive written examinations -
Period: to
Grover Cleveland
Democratic -
Haymarket Square
Began as a strike, a bomb was thrown, killingand injuring people, anarchists were blamed -
Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois
Ruled one of the Granger Laws in Illinois unconstitutional - the law was an attempt to control interstate commerce and therefore an infringement on the exclusive powers of Congress -
Interstate Commerce Act
railroad regulation-banned discrimination on rates between long and short hauls, required that railroads publish their rate schedules and file them with the governmetn, and declared all interstate rail rates must be "reasonable and just" -
Dawes Act
gradual elimination of tribal ownership of land and the allotment of tracts to individual owners -
Period: to
Benjamin Harrison
Republican -
McKinley Tariff
highest protective measure ever proposed to congress -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
law against trusts, mostly symbolic and ineffective -
Populist Party
appealed principally to farmers--those becoming less competative in an increasinly maechanized farming economy. Proclaimed a party in Omaha -
Homestead Strike
reaction to wage cuts, Pinkerton Detective Agency called to break up strike, governor sent national guard to stop strike -
Panic of 1893
most severe depression so far, demonstrated interconnectedness of economy -
Period: to
Grover Cleveland
Democratic -
Coxey's Army
March to Washington to present demands of the unemployed to the president, stopped before destination was reached -
Pullman Strike
response to wage cuts, paralyzed railroads nationwide, especially in the west, the president stepped in to stop it -
Cross of Gold Speech
Popular speech supporting free silver -
Dingley Tariff
raised tariff to highest point in history -
Period: to
William McKinley
Republican -
Annexation of Hawaii
estended territory status to Hawaii -
Spanish American War
motivated by imperialism -
Sinking of the Maine
reported to apeal to patriotism and national outrage (was actually result of an accident) -
Debate over the Philippines
Annexation seemed inevitable, but roused debate and division in America -
Hay's Open Door Notes
Each nation with a sphere of influence in China was to respect the rights and priviledges of other nations in their sphere -
Gold Standard Act of 1900
confirmed nation's committment to the gold standard by setting a specific golg value to the dollar -
Boxer Rebellion
secret nationalist society launched a revolt against foreigners in China, culminating in a siege of the foreign diplomatic corps -
McKinley's Assassination
by an enemy of the government -
The "Square Deal"
Roosevelt's ideals formed into a domestic program -
Period: to
Theodore Roosevelt
Republican -
Unted Mine Workers Strike of 1902
-
National Reclamation
gave federal government authority over federal land -
Establishment of the Department of Labor and Commerce
-
Elkins Act
Amended the Interstate Commerce Act -
Hepburn Act
Gave ICC authority over railways -
Pure Food and Drug Act
Protected the public from aldultured food and unhealthy drugs -
Meat Inspection Act
meant to prevent adultured or misbranded meat -
Hetch Hetchy Controversy
controversy between whether or not to dam the valley in order to make a reserve for San Fransisco, earthquake of '06 strengthened "for" standpoint -
Panic of 1907
ressession, not Roosevelt's fault though he was blamed, showed government's lack of control over economy -
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
reduced tariff hardly at all and raised it in some areas -
Period: to
William Howard Taft
Republican -
Mann-Elkins Act
Strengthened Interstate Commerce Act -
Establishment of Children's Bureau
made to protect the welfare of children -
Pinchot-Balliner Dispute
dispute iver lands, whether Ballinger was using federally protected land for personal profit -
Election of 1912
Roosevelt v Taft (Split Republican Party) v Wilson -
Wilson's New Freedom
progressive program bent on destroying trusts and monopoly -
Bull Moose/Progressive Party
Established by Roosevelt, returning to the presidential election -
Roosevelt's New Natioinalism
progressive program advocating regulation of trusts and monopoly -
16th Amendment
Graduated income tax -
17th Amendment
Direct election of senators -
Underwood Simmons Tariff
reformed tariff-income tax, ect -
Establishment of Federal Reserve Board
to moniter federal reserve banks -
Federal Reserve Act
created twelve regional banks controlled by individual banks of each respective district -
Period: to
Woodrow Wilson
Democrat -
Establishment of Federal Trade Commission
regulation agnency that would help businesses determine whether their practices would be agreeable to the government -
Smith-Lever Act
Cooperatice Extension Service, federal funds for education -
Louis Brandeis Appointed to Supreme Court
prompted bitter controversy, in court 20 years, no previous experience in public offfice -
Keating Owen Act
child labor laws -
19th Amendment
Women's suffrage -
18th Amendment
Prohibition (bann on alcohol)