-
1919
coal mining region located between poland and czechoslovakia
about 1000 people were killed
league divided the region between the two countries, with C gaining most of coal mines fighting stopped
poland refused to accept the decision
bad feeling continued until WWII nov 1918 --> July 1920 -
discuss terms of peace after WII
met in POV
TOV
TSTG
TON
TON
TOT
TOS
TOL
defeated nations not included in the talks
big three -
ended WWI between germany and the allied powers
military terms
financial terms
territorial terms -
austria
break up of austro-hungrarian empire
lost land to czechoslovakia (economic), yugoslavia, italy, romania, (galacia) poland, hungary
forbidden to unite w germany
army limited to 30,000 troops
navy was broken up and distributed among allied powers
not allowed airforce
landlocked country -
bulgaria
placed limits on Bulgaria's power
lost land to yugoslavia, greece, romania
20,000 army
reparations @100 million pounds -
over the city of vilna
people living in vilna wanted to be polish
league told poland to withdraw troops, poland refused
COA awarded the city to poland france -- poland ally -- not upset poland
britain -- wouldn't send army without other members support L did nothing but break off diplomatic relations until 1938 -
fall of 1919
but covenant came into effect on JAN 10 1920 -
break up of austro-hungarian empire
lost land to czechoslovakia, yugoslavia, austria, romania
lost more than 2 thirds of its territory and 1/3 of the population
reparations were to paid but economy collapsed so not set -
accept break up of its territories
control of all Middle East territories --> brance
control of some --> greece&italy
lost control of dardanelles strait between black and Mediterranean seas army --> 50,000
navy strictly limited
no air force
no reparations set cuz of instability
tax, finances, budget controlled by allies -
accept break up of its territories
control of all Middle East territories --> brance
control of some --> greece&italy
lost control of dardanelles strait between black and Mediterranean seas army --> 50,000
navy strictly limited
no air force
no reparations set cuz of instability
tax, finances, budget controlled by allies -
over aaland islands
historically finish, pop swedish
islands to remain finish, as a safeguard no military personnel or arms could be located there
both sides accepted -
poland --> TOV but pop German
1921 plebiscite decided
germany won 60% votes
poland argued that those who voted didn't leave in US
league split the region
poland --> industrial area
germany --> rural
ACCEPTED but ofc not fully -
between germany and the ussr
-
began in 1921 signed on 6th feb 1922
agreed limits on the size of naval forces -
border Greece & Albania
Italian general patrol, murdered
mussolini demanded 50m lira
italy invaded corfu
league demanded to leave
italy refused and wanted COA to oversee
COA italy leave but Greece pay compensations -
germany unable to make payments
ruhr invaded by Belgian and French troops
LEAGUE DID NOTHING -
settled the conflict btween Ottoman Empire, france, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, greece, and Romania regained some lost lands
agreed to loss of lands in Middle East
given back most land in Europe
regained control of dardenelles strait
limitations on army removed
no reparations
the only negotiated treaty w a defeated country -
collective security --> permanent court of International justice --> accept it or face sanctions
MORE FAIR AND UNITED
NOT PASSED. -
iraq, britain, turkey
turkey claimed the Kurdish populated region of Mosul
league --> Mosul to be returned to Iraq
turkey accepted -
April 1924 - negotiated
October 1924 - signed
reparations
800 million marks
stresseman
Charles g Dawes
germany -
Greece and Bulgaria
greek officer killed on border of Bulgaria and Greece
greeks invaded Bulgaria
league favoured Bulgaria
Greece forced to pay 45000 pounds in compensation
FAILED
one rule for one and another for the person -
germany
france
belgium
improve relations
signed by 3 above and britain&italy
stresemann DECEMBER 1925 -
AUGUST 1929
owen young
59 years to pay
6.6 billion to 2 billion -
-
Manchuria -- north east china
Japan suffered Great Depression explosion on Manchurian railway in mukden
Japan had large industries and a railway line through Manchuria and guards to protect it Lytton commission - feb 1933
unjustified
in response Japan left the league and continued invading Manchuria in 1933 Japan invaded the Chinese province of jehol
in 1937 Japan launched a full scale invasion of china of 1937 -
first meeting July 1932
- germany idea that all countries to disarm like germany
- dec 1932 all attendees agree to treat germany like an equal, league optimistic about reaching an agreement
-1933 changed when hitler elected chancellor and began secretly rearming
-may 1933, hitler promised to not rearm if all. countries destroyed arms in 5 years. oct 1933 france refused -following this, germany left LON nov 12 1933
failure -- ?efficacy commited Japan left LON in the conference cuz of crisis -
1896 Abyssinians defeated the Italians at ADOWA
revenge
Abyssinia: rich in natural resources, fertile land
Hoare-laval pact dec 1935
July 1936 - sanctions
1937 - italy leaves LON after sanctions
may 1936 - Addis Ababa captured -