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G.I Bill
President Roosevelt signed a law on June 22nd 1944 that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans because of the crash that occurred a decade earlier. Benefits included dedicated payments of tuition and living expenses to attend high school, college or vocational/technical school, low-cost mortgages, low-interest loans to start a business, as well as one year of unemployment compensation. By 1956, roughly 7.8 million veterans had used the G.I. Bill education benefits. -
Atomic Bombs
During WWII, president Roosevelt commanded many researchers to create the atomic bomb called the Manhattan project. After the bomb was created, 2 bombs were launched into Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945. over 86 Thousand casualties resulted. This hypothetically saved many American lives from having to infiltrate Japan, saving millions of lives. Soon after, an arms race occurred between The United States and the Soviets to create the bigger bomb. -
Iron Curtain
The iron Curtain developed after WWII, splitting Europe in two. The soviet Union wanted to block itself from the western European countries. On the east side of the Curtain, the Warsaw pact was created and most countries to the east were communist rulled while the west side, the NATO, the North Altantic Treaty Organization. The most common blockades of the iron curtain were places such as the Berlin wall and also checkpoint Charlie, there were many neutral countries near the iron Curtain. -
Period: to
Cold War
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2nd red scare
Many in the U.S. feared that the Soviet Union and its allies were planning to forcefully spread communism around the globe, overthrowing both democratic and capitalist institutions as it went. Many in the U.S. perceived their fears of communist growth towards their leaders, thinking that the federal government was corrupted . A massive witch hunt to root out communist sympathizers ensued. Senator Joseph McCarthy used rumors about communist in the government to gain fame. -
Truman Doctrine
This Doctrine was to counter Russias geographical push into Europe. It was first announced to Congress by President Truman on March 12, 1947. Truman stated that the split was a threat to international security. The need to help out Greece and Turkey during their communist revolt increased the push for the doctrines actions. Soon $400 million worth of supplies were sent to keep Greece and Turkey democratic showing the first steps against communism. They soon joined NATO. -
Period: to
1950s
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Rock and Roll
A style of music that evolved from African American musical styles in the 1950's. Either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument, but these instruments were generally replaced or supplemented by guitar in the middle to late 1950s. Rock and Roll also influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language in the 1950's. Rock and roll arrived at the same time of technological change, soon after the development of the electric guitar, amplifier and microphone, and the record. -
Korean War
After WWII, the split up of Korea was due to the North being mainly communist and the south being capitalist. This split caused Russia and China to support the north while the south was supported by capitalist counties. Soon Korea came to a cease fire that lies at the 38th parallel. A no mans land stretches 2 miles between the 2 governments. McAuthor went to the press and suggested an all out war with China and Truman fired him for insubordination. The cease fire still continues today. -
Beat Generation
The Generation was mostly due to the influence of american literacy highlighting Americans after WWII. Beat culture that mostly surrounded the 1950s were usually the rejection of standard narrative values, spiritual quest, exploration of American religions, rejection of materialism, and sexual liberation and exploration. This generation was the first to oppose the normal American standard of living. This shaped other movements such as Hippies and counter cultures. -
Television
crude experimental forms in the late 1920's but it wasn't until after WWII they would be commercialized. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the US and most other developed countries. Although all-electronic color was introduced in the U.S. in 1953, high prices, and the insufficient amount of color programming, greatly slowed its acceptance in the marketplace. It wasn't until the mid 1960s that colored TV's became popularized. -
Richard Nixon
American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States. He had previously served as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961 and earlier he was a senator for California. Nixon ended American involvement in the war in Vietnam in 1973 during his term as president and brought the American POWs home, and ended the military draft. On August 9, 1974, he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office after the watergate scandal. -
Period: to
Civil Rights
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Bill Haley and The Comets
Bill Haley & His Comets were an American rock and roll band, founded in 1952 and continued until Haley's death in 1981. Haley began his rock and roll career with what is now recognized as a rockabilly style in a cover of "Rocket 88". On April 12, 1954, "Rock Around the Clock", which would become Haley's biggest hit and one of the most important records in rock and roll history. After Bill Haley's death in 1981, the Comets had stopped producing music following his death. -
Ike Turner
A young Rock and Roll musician that is considered one of the firsts artists for Rock and Roll. He began playing piano and guitar when he was eight, forming his group, the Kings of Rhythm, as a teenager. Turner recorded for many of the key R&B record labels of the 1950s and 1960s, including Chess, Modern, Trumpet, Flair and Sue. Turner was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991 and in 2001 was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. -
Brown Vs. Board of Education
Brown Vs. Board of Education was the U.S. Supreme Court concerning the issue of segregation in public schools. The judges ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. Brown v. Board of Education was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement. Soon separate but equal schools increased. Many schools still challenged the rights of education and equality through the school system. Soon after the Civil Rights movement launched. -
Polio Vaccine
The first effective polio vaccine was developed in 1952 by Jonas Salk. Soon the vaccine was tested during the Francis Field Trial in which a total of 44 states participated in. It lead to the largest medical experiment of all time with over 1.8 million children. Field trial were announced 12 April 1955 which showed that it was 70% effective against type one and 90% effective against type 2-3. The U.S released a mass immunization campaign promoted by the March of Dimes soon after. -
Emmett Till Tragedy
While visiting family in Money, Mississippi, 14-year-old Emmett Till, an African American from Chicago, is brutally murdered for allegedly flirting with a white woman four days earlier. Two men beat him nearly to death, gouged out his eye, shot him in the head and then threw his body, tied to the cotton-gin fan with barbed wire, into the river. His body was found three days later. The men were put on trial but not convicted. The mother of Emmett Hill had an open casket for his funeral. -
Vietnamese War
The Vietnam War was a conflict between communist government of North Vietnam against South Vietnam. The war in Vietnam rose
due to the cold war. More than 3 million people were killed in the Vietnam War. Opposition for the war in the United States was pushed by many but President Richard Nixon ordered the withdrawal of U.S. forces in 1973. Communist forces ended the war by seizing control of South Vietnam in 1975, and the country was unified as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. -
Elvis Presley
Elvis Presley was born poor in Mississippi and moved to Tennessee. His music career began there in 1954, recording at Sun Records with producer Sam Phillips, who wanted to bring the sound of African American music to a wider audience. "Heartbreak Hotel", was released in January 1956 and became a number one hit in the United States and soon he became a leading figure of the new music genre Rock and Roll. one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century. -
Little Rock 9
A group of nine black students who enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in September 1957. Governor Orval Faubus called in the Arkansas National Guard to block the black students’ entry into the high school. Later that month, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine into the school. This was to show the federal governments power when enforcing laws. Orval ended up cancelling public schools the next year. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Enacted September 9, 1957, a federal voting rights bill was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875. Its purpose was to show the federal government's support for racial equality after the US Supreme Court's 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education. The goal of the 1957 Civil Rights Act was to ensure that all Americans could exercise their right to vote. This act soon paved ways for other bills to be passed. -
Period: to
1960's
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LSD
LSD is a psychedelic drug known for its effects which include altered awareness of one's surroundings, perceptions, and feelings as well as sensations and images that seem real though they are not. First made by Albert Hofmann in Switzerland in 1938. In the 1950s, officials at the United States Central Intelligence Agency thought the drug might be useful for mind control and chemical warfare and tested the drug on young servicemen and students, and others without their knowledge. -
John F. Kennedy
JFK served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. He focused most of his presidency at the cold war. In April 1961, he authorized a failed joint-CIA attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro in the Bay of Pigs Invasion during his term. November 22, 1963, Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. Lee Oswald was arrested for the state crime, but he was never prosecuted due to his murder by Jack Ruby 2 days later. -
Peace Corps
The Peace Corps was used to provide assistance by helping people outside the United States to understand American culture, and helping Americans to understand the cultures of other countries. The work is generally related to social and economic development. American citizens, typically with a college degree, work abroad for a period of two years after three months of training. Volunteers worked with the education and agricultural system of less developed countries. -
Freedom Rides
Freedom Riders were groups of white and African American civil rights activists who participated in Freedom Rides, bus trips through the American South in 1961 to protest segregated bus terminals. The groups were confronted by arresting police officers as well as horrific violence from white protesters along their routes, but also drew international attention to their cause. They used the media to show the violence that took place in order to influence viewers to stop segregation. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
After Americans placed atomic weapons into Turkey, Soviet missiles were placed in Cuba scaring Americans . In a TV address on October 22, 1962, President Kennedy told Americans about the presence of the missiles, gave his decision to start a naval blockade around Cuba and made it clear the U.S. However, disaster was avoided when the U.S. agreed to Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev’s offer to remove the Cuban missiles in exchange for the U.S. promising not to invade Cuba. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington was a massive protest march that occurred in August 1963. 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington. Also known as the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the event aimed to draw attention to continuing challenges faced by African Americans after the civil war. Kennedy at the time worried the violence that would follow the march. It was also the occasion of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s now-iconic “I Have A Dream” speech. -
New Frontier
During Kennedy's terms, he assigned the New frontier as his plan during his term and it was in his acceptance speech in the 1960 United States presidential election. significant amount of anti-poverty legislation was passed by Congress such as food stamps and social security. Civil rights acts were set in place such as equal rights pay act for women and also Executive Order 10925 which tried to equal pay throughout the south in lower skilled jobs. There was also a push for space exploration. -
Birmingham Bombing
The Birmingham church bombing occurred on September 15, 1963, when a bomb exploded before Sunday morning services at the Baptist Church in Birmingham. The church was filled with a majority black congregation that also served as a meeting place for civil rights leaders. Four young girls were killed and many other people injured. Outrage over the incident and the violent clash between protesters and police that followed helped draw national attention to the civil rights for African Americans. -
Lee Harvey Oswald
Lee Harvey Oswald was an ex-marine that defected into Russia. Soon he married and moved back to the US. He did not like the capitalist ways of The US. Lee Harvey Oswald was charged for the murder of JFK on November 22, 1963 where he supposedly shot JFK on top of the Texas school book depository. He was caught after shooting a police man after hiding in a theater. He could not testify because he was shot 2 days later by Jack Ruby. He was supposedly a patsy for another shooter. -
Jack Ruby
was the Dallas, Texas, nightclub owner who fatally shot Lee Harvey Oswald on November 24, 1963, while Oswald was in police custody after being charged with assassinating U.S. President John F. Kennedy and the murder of Dallas policeman two days earlier. while authorities were escorting Oswald through the police basement to an armored car that was to take him to the nearby county jail. Ruby stepped out from a crowd and fired a single round from his revolver into Oswald fatally wounding him. -
Freedom Summer
Freedom Summer was a 1964 voter registration drive sponsored by civil rights organizations including the Congress on Racial Equality and the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. Aimed at increasing black voter registration in Mississippi, the Freedom Summer was stopped by the Ku Klux Klan, police and state and local authorities that carried out a series of violent attacks against the activists, including arson, beatings, false arrest and the murder of at least three people. -
Great Society
During Lyndon B. Johnson's first term , he implemented New major spending programs that addressed education, medical care, urban problems, rural poverty, and transportation were launched during this period. Lyndon B. Johnson passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that forbade job discrimination and the segregation of public accommodations. He took after Kennedy's dream and passed the Civil Rights acts. He also passed the voting rights act. -
Watts Riots
Racial tension reaches a breaking point after two white policemen scuffle with a black motorist suspected of drunken driving.. A riot soon began, started by residents of Watts who were embittered after years of economic and political isolation. The rioters eventually ranged over a 50-square-mile area of South Central Los Angeles, looting stores, torching buildings, and beating whites as snipers fired at police and firefighters. Order was restored August 16th and lasted almost a whole week. -
Anti-War Movement
The Anti-war movement opposed U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War and began slowly and in small numbers in 1964 on various college campuses in the US and quickly as the war grew . In 1967 a coalition of antiwar activists formed the National Mobilization Committee to end the war in Vietnam which organized several large anti-war demonstrations between the late-1960s. Counter-cultural songs, organizations and other literary works encouraged a spirit of nonconformism, and peace. -
Hippies
Hippies created their own communities, listened to psychedelic music, embraced the sexual revolution, and many used drugs such as marijuana, LSD, peyote and psilocybin mushrooms to explore altered states of consciousness. In 1967 was the increased popularization hippie culture, leading to the Summer of Love on the West Coast of the United States, and the 1969 Woodstock Festival on the East Coast. Hippie fashion and values had a major effect on culture, influencing popular music and the arts. -
MLK Assassination
MLK was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968, an event that sent shock waves reverberating around the world. A Baptist minister and founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), King had led the civil rights movement since the mid-1950s, using a combination of impassioned speeches and nonviolent protests to fight segregation and achieve significant civil-rights advances for African Americans. His assassination led to many riots around the country. -
Barry Goldwater
An American politician who was a Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in 1964. Despite his loss of the 1964 presidential election in a landslide, Goldwater is the most often credited with the renewal of the American conservative political movement in the 1960s. Goldwater successfully urged President Richard Nixon to resign when evidence of a cover-up in the Watergate scandal became overwhelming and impeachment was imminent. -
Stonewall Riots
June 28, 1969, New York City police raided the Stonewall Inn, a gay club located in New York City. The raid sparked a riot among bar patrons and neighborhood residents as police hauled employees and patrons out of the bar, leading to six days of protests and violent clashes with the police outside the bar on Christopher Street. The Stonewall Riots served as the start for the gay rights movement in the United States and around the world. They were not open about their sexuality until this riot. -
Space Race
During the cold war there was a space race that took place between the soviets and the Americans. The two fought for better technological advancement and also the superior government. After the soviets launched sputnik into earths orbit, Americans became obsessed with space and soon they created their own national government administration, NASA, which soon after many years launched Apollo 11, which placed men on the moon. In turn the Americans 'won' the space race. -
Apollo 11
During the 1960's a major space race between the Russians and the Americans took place. This was during the cold war as well and JFK planned to beat the Russians by landing on the moon first, this was called the "Kennedy Challenge". Soon after landing on July 20,1969, America proved that the capitalist government was superior over Russia's communist. It also showed that the conservative nature of America was better than the social growing counterculture at the time. -
Counter Culture
They seceded the Beat Generation. They rejected middle class value and materialism. They experienced with drugs which gave an increase of drug regulations and also Rock and Roll music was a catalyst. During the Vietnam war, the Woodstock convention showed the Counter Cultures opinion against the war. The counter culture was due to the increase against normal American societies but only 10% of the population participated in it. Many would burn their draft card to show opinions against the war. -
OPEC
OPEC's objective is to co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among Member Countries, in order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations;and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry. OPEC rose to international prominence during this decade, as its Member Countries took control of their domestic petroleum industries and acquired a major say in the pricing of crude oil on world markets -
Period: to
1970's
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Stagflation
Stagflation, a portmanteau of stagnation and inflation, is a situation in which the inflation rate is high, the economic growth rate slows, and unemployment remains steadily high. It raises a dilemma for economic policy, since actions designed to lower inflation may exacerbate unemployment, and vice versa. This was abundant in the American economy during the 1970's. High oil prices, recession and also unemployment was abundant around the United States. -
Phyllis Schlafly
She was known for staunchly conservative social and political views, anti-feminism, opposition to legal abortion, and her successful campaign against ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. She was famous for arguing that the civil rights act would take away gender-specific privileges currently enjoyed by women, including "dependent wife" benefits under Social Security, separate restrooms for males and females, and exemption from the Selective Service. -
Watergate Scandal
The Watergate scandal occurred on June 17, 1972, when several burglars were arrested in the office of the Democratic National Committee, located in the Watergate complex of buildings in Washington, D.C. robbers were connected to President Richard Nixon’s reelection campaign, and they had been caught wiretapping phones and stealing documents. August 1974, after his role in the conspiracy was revealed, Nixon resigned. The Watergate scandal lead Americans to not trust their presidents. -
Title IX
Before Title IX, few opportunities existed for female athletes. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), which was created in 1906 to format and enforce rules in men’s football but had become the ruling body of college athletics. Title IX was designed to correct imbalances of funding educational institutions from discriminating against students or employees based on sex. Soon on June 23rd 1972, Title IX of the education amendments of 1972 was enacted into law. -
Roe vs. Wade
After 21-year-old Norma McCorvey discovered she was pregnant with her third child. She returned to Dallas, Texas to attempt an abortion but once she was caught she went to the supreme court with it. She pushed for the choice of abortion and a woman’s right to choose an abortion was protected by the privacy rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The debate of pro life or not still continues today and it is based off of morals instead of politics. -
Gerald Ford Presidency
Gerald Ford took office on August 9, 1974, following the resignation of President Richard Nixon who left the White House after the release of the Watergate scandal. Ford became the first un-elected president in United States history. A Republican congressman from Michigan, Ford had been appointed vice president less than a year earlier by President Nixon. He is credited with helping to restore public confidence in government after the distrust given due to the watergate scandal. -
Jimmy Carter
39th president of the United States, Jimmy Carter struggled to the challenges during his presidency such as a major energy crisis as well as high inflation and unemployment. In November 1979, a mob of Iranian students stormed the U.S. embassy in and took its staff hostage as a protest against the arrival in the United States. His failure to free the hostages led his government to be perceived as inept and inefficient. He was soundly defeated in the general election by Ronald Reagan. -
Camp Davis Accords
The Camp Davis Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem. Beginning on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David. The two framework agreements were signed at the White House, and were witnessed by United States President Jimmy Carter. The second of these frameworks led to the 1979 Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty. Due to the agreement, Sadat and Begin received the shared 1978 Nobel Peace Prize. -
Period: to
1980's
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Election of 1980
Ronald Reagan, was a former governor of California and actor who supported the republican party while Jimmy Carter supported the democratic party in the election of 1980. Ronald Reagan ended up winning the election because of the past actions Jimmy Carter could not complete . Due to the rise of conservativism after Reagan's victory, some historians consider the election to be a realigning election that marked the start of the "Reagan Era". -
Robert Johnson
Robert Johnson was an American entrepreneur, media magnate, executive, philanthropist, and investor. He is the co-founder of BET, which was acquired by Viacom in 2001.He also founded RLJ Companies, a holding company that invests in various business sectors. Johnson is the former majority owner of the Charlotte Bobcats.He became the first black American billionaire. Johnson's companies have counted among the most prominent African-American businesses in the late twentieth century. -
Reaganomics
After Ronald Reagan was signed into office, he started to pass several policies that dealt with the economy. During the 1980s, the polices passed are commonly associated with supply-side economics, referred to as trickle-down economics or voodoo economics by political opponents, and free-market economics by political advocates. Reagans Domestic Policy-Reaganomics also cut income tax and corporate tax so that there would be more spending in the American economy. -
Sandra Day O'Connor
Sandra Day O'Connor was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving from her appointment in 1981 by Ronald Reagan to 2006. She is the first woman to serve on the Court. she was an elected official and judge in Arizona serving as the first female Majority Leader of a state senate as the Republican leader in the Arizona Senate Before joining the court. She had an independent opinion compared to the other representatives from the republican party. -
A.I.D.S. Crisis
In 1981, cases of a rare lung infection called Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were found in five young, previously healthy gay men in Los Angeles. At the same time, there were reports of a group of men in New York and California with an unusually aggressive cancer. In 1981, by the end of the year, there were 270 reported cases of severe immune deficiency among gay men - 121 of them had died. In September of 1982, the CDC used the term 'AIDS' (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). -
Strategic Defense Initiative
(Strategic defense initiative) A missile shield defense against soviet missiles satellites with lasers. The US intended to give Soviets the same technology and hoped they would go bankrupt. Russia spent more resources developing it. Mikhail Gorbachev was a new leader of the Soviet Union and he believed in political reform. He believed that the Soviet Union would collapse if there was no reform because too much money was spent on defense. -
Discount Retailing
Stores rose in importance and became the mainstay of the American consumer economy in the 1980's. Using scanners and computer data analysis, retailers predicted customers’ needs and managed supply chains. Sam Walton used this to support his "just in time" inventory which decreased the space taken up by stores and it saved him money. Many were attracted by low prices,so consumers bought more goods. Others were worried about the dropping prices lowered wages at home and abroad. -
Sam Walton's Just in Time Inventory
Sam Walton began Walmart in the 1960s that competed against stores such as K-mart, Home Depot and Best buy. Sam Walton created a chain of stores and a large variety of products at low prices. Computers track inventory so that items can be restocked when needed. Just-in-time inventory made it easier for more products to be sold because there was more room for other products. This made his capitol industry thrive because of the time and room saved. -
Reagan Doctrine
- Reagan supports fighting communism to get rid of it. Reagan tires to force communism out of areas around the world. Nicaragua becomes pro communist after a take over and Reagan secretly arms contras against the communist. After they are caught by congress, the Reagan Administration continues to illegally support Contras. Instead they sold weapons to Iran and gave the money to Contras making it legal to support the Contras rebellion against their communist government.
- Reagan supports fighting communism to get rid of it. Reagan tires to force communism out of areas around the world. Nicaragua becomes pro communist after a take over and Reagan secretly arms contras against the communist. After they are caught by congress, the Reagan Administration continues to illegally support Contras. Instead they sold weapons to Iran and gave the money to Contras making it legal to support the Contras rebellion against their communist government.
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Challenger Explosion
The NASA space shuttle Challenger exploded on January 28, 1986, just 73 seconds after liftoff, bringing a devastating end to the spacecraft’s 10th mission. The disaster claimed the lives of all seven astronauts aboard. It was later determined that two rubber O-rings, which had been designed to separate the sections of the rocket booster, had failed. The tragedy and its aftermath received extensive media coverage and prompted NASA to temporarily suspend all shuttle missions. -
Fall of the Berlin Wall
The Berlin wall passed through Germany and it split the West from the East. November 9th,1989, East German Communist Party announced that citizens of the GDR could cross the border whenever they pleased. That night, huge crowds swarmed the wall. Some crossed freely into West Berlin, while others brought hammers and picks and began to chip away at the wall itself. The Berlin Wall brings a reminder to those in German of the communist rule. Soon Germany became unified in 1990 as a single country. -
Period: to
1990's
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Persian Gulf War
Saddam Hussein ordered the invasion and occupation of neighboring Kuwait in early August 1990. Arab powers such as Saudi Arabia and Egypt called on the United States and other Western nations to intervene. Hussein defied United Nations Security Council demands to withdraw from Kuwait by mid-January 1991, and the Persian Gulf War began with a massive U.S.-led air offensive known as Operation Desert Storm. After 42 days, U.S. President George H.W. Bush declared a cease-fire on February 28. -
Rodney King Incident
Rodney King was caught by the Los Angeles police after a high-speed chase on March 3, 1991. The officers pulled him out of the car and beat him brutally, while George Holliday caught it all on videotape. The four L.A.P.D. officers involved were indicted on charges of assault with a deadly weapon and excessive use of force by a police officer. After a three-month trial, a predominantly white jury acquitted the officers, sparking the violent of the 1992 Los Angeles riots. -
Election of 1992
The United States presidential election of 1992 had three major candidates: Incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush; Democrat Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton, and independent Texas businessman Ross Perot. Bush had abandoned much of his conservative base by breaking his 1988 campaign pledge against raising taxes and foreign policy because of the war in Iraq: The Gulf War. Clinton won a plurality in the popular vote, and a wide Electoral College margin. -
Geroge H.W. Bush
George H.W Bush was an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993. Prior to the presidency, Bush served as the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the Republican Party, he had previously been a Congressman and Director of Central Intelligence. During his career in public service, he was known simply as George Bush; since 2001, he has often been referred to as "George H. W. Bush". -
Bill Clinton
Bill Clinton served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Before his presidency, he was the Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, and again from 1983 to 1992. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was ideologically a New Democrat and many of his policies reflected a centrist "Third Way" political philosophy. Clinton became the first Democrat since FDR to be elected to a second term. Clinton passed a welfare reform and the State Children's Health Insurance Program. -
World Trade Center Attack
On February 26, 1993, terrorists drove a rental van into a parking garage under the World Trade Center’s twin towers and lit the fuses on a homemade bomb placed inside the car. Six people died and more than 1,000 were injured in the massive explosion, which carved out a crater several stories deep and pushed smoke into the upper areas of the world trade center. At the time, it was one of the worst terrorist attacks ever to occur on U.S. soil until 9/11 -
NAFTA
The North American Free Trade Agreement's history began in 1980. Its purpose is to reduce trading costs, increase business investment and help North America be more competitive in the global marketplace. In 1992, NAFTA was signed by President George H.W. Bush, Mexican President Salinas and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. The agreement is between Canada, the United States, and Mexico. In 1991, Canada requested a trilateral agreement, which then led to NAFTA. -
Balkans Crisis
Mid 1990s, there was a break up after the fall of comunism and civil war broke out between Croatia, Siberia and Bosnia. Serbian Christians force murder thousands of Muslim Bosnian. NATO brings in troops. Booming soon started, Kosovo and Albania want independence from Croatia and Serbia. Genocide continues. NATO begins bombing sites to stop genocide and it shows US's commitment to civil rights. Soon peacekeepers were placed in Bosnia to stop genocide. -
DOMA
Enacted September 21, 1996, it was a United States federal law that defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman, and allowed states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages. DOMA had barred same-sex married couples from being recognized as "spouses" for purposes of federal laws, effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits. DOMA's passage did not prevent individual states from recognizing same-sex marriage. -
Lwinski Affair
Clinton has an affair with Monica,a white house intern.The affair lasts a few months and when it ended, Monica tells this women that she had a "mutual" relationship with the president.Kenneth Star who hears about the affair puts Clinton on Trial. Clinton denies the affair and there was DNA found on blue dress. He was soon put on impeachment. He lied under oath and there was an obstruction of justice. He didn't get the 2/3 votes needed for impeachment. Many scandals at the end of the 1990s. -
2nd Iraq War
Saddam Hussein used weapons of mass destruction to gas his own people. He supposedly tries to get uranium from Niger. Soon Bush presents his doctrine which authorized use of force against any nation that harbored terrorist. Prevented further attacks on the US. Supposed Saddam colluded with al- colluded. Americans thought that he was linked with 9/11. Bush demanded UN inspectors to be allowed in Iraq, Saddam refused and evidence was found. -
Period: to
Contemporary
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Election of 2000
Al Gore for democrat and George W. Bush for republican. The vote was very close and the difference was only 100, Bush had 246 votes while Gore is 266. Soon lawsuits come into play because of hanging chads. Gore ends up sueing Bush because of the hanging chads. SCOTUS decided that Bush won 5-4. They could not tell the judges how to vote. Gore although wins popular vote by half a Million and lost. Bush won the electoral college vote so he won the election. -
9/11 attacks
19 al-Qaeda hijackers boarded 4 planes and they used box-cutters to kill civilians. 4 Planes turn courses and 2 hit World Trade Center. 1 hit the pentagon except they were aiming for the white house. The fourth, instead of dying decided to fight the terrorists but one of the terrorists decides to noise dive the plane. 3000 people die in the attacks. They terrorists are coming from Afghanistan because of the Al-qaeda leader Bin Laden so the US deploys troops there. -
PATRIOT ACT
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 is the acronym for PARTROT ACT . Governments law on enforcing powers and new law enforcement agencies were created. The permission given law enforcement officers to search a home or business without the owner's or the occupant's consent or knowledge; the expanded use of National Security Letters, to search telephone, e-mail, and financial records without a court order. -
No Child Left Behind Education Act
A U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. It included support for disadvantaged students and It also supported the standards-based education reform. Which stated that a higher standard lead to better out comes. The Act required states to develop assessments in basic skills. To receive federal school funding, states had to give these assessments to all students at select grade levels. This encouraged the growth of education in public schools -
Hurricane Katrina
Early in the morning on August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast of the United States. When the storm made landfall, it had a Category 3 rating and it brought winds of 100–140 miles per hour. Its aftermath was catastrophic; massive flooding, and many people charged that the federal government was slow to meet the needs of the people affected by the storm. many in Louisiana and states by the coast had to move. The storm costed nearly 100 billion dollars. -
Election of 2008
November 4, 2008, the Democratic party consisted of Barack Obama, a Senator from Illinois, and Joe Biden, a long-time Senator from Delaware, defeated the Republican party of Senator John McCain of Arizona and Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska. Obama became the first African American ever to be elected as president(whohoo!), and Joe Biden became the first Catholic to ever be elected as vice president. Obama swept the Northeastern US and won the swing states of the West, the Midwest, and the South. -
Housing Bubble
The Housing Bubble was a real estate bubble affecting over half of the U.S. states. Housing prices peaked in early 2006, started to decline in 2006 and 2007, and reached new lows in 2012. On December 30, 2008, the Case–Shiller home price index reported its largest price drop in its history. The credit crisis resulting from the bursting of the housing bubble is—according to general consensus—an important cause of the 2007–2009 recession in the United States. Which caused a fall in the economy. -
Barack Obama
Barack Obama is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009 to January 20, 2017. The first African American to serve as the president, before he was the junior United States Senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008. The main reforms were the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010 which was implemented during Clintons term. He signed several others to heal the recession in 2008. -
Affordable Care Act
United States federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. The term "Obamacare" used as a nickname through the signing and eventually used by President Obama himself. Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 amendment, it represents the U.S. healthcare system's most significant change since the signing of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965.
