-
2nd Red Scare
Between the 1940s and 1950s, America was concerned about the threat of communism growing in Eastern Europe and China. The subsequent Cold War helped to start a second and longer Red Scare. Some international events that helped lead to this even was the USSR refusal to allow free elections in Eastern Europe after WWII. The Berlin Blockade/Airlift and the Korean War was also a part of the Second Red Scare. -
G.I Bill
The G.I Bill came to be signed by president Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 22, 1944. It is also known as the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944. It offers WWII veterans low interest rates on houses, a paid college tuition, and business loans. This bill is still in work today, establishing hospitals and covering expenses. Between 1944 and 1949, almost 9 million veterans received close to $4 billion from the bill’s unemployment program. -
Period: to
Cold War
After World War II, the superpowers nations (U.S and Soviet Nations) had contrasting views on economic and government. Problems arose when Soviet Union was beginning to go for Communism (government controls production and owns natural and capital resources), making U.S being for Capitalism (ordinary people and business own control production of goods and services) to fear the spread of it. North and South Korea will be divided, nuclear arms race, and Cuba turns communist. -
Iron Curtain
Winston Churchill made a his most famous speech- Iron Curtain, in March 1946 which he described the new Soviet domination of Eastern Europe. In 1944 -1945, Soviet armies established a Communist government across Easter Europe closing it off from the West: Iron Curtain. Yugoslavia was one with some independence, though it had a Communist leader. -
Truman Doctrine
The American policy of “containment” later expanded into the policy Truman Doctrine. It was first utilized in Greece and Turkey in the late 1940s. It guaranteed to provide support like money and military supplies. By 1950, the U.S had given $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey. The doctrine also helped countries fight communism. -
Marshall Plan
Following the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan was introduced. It was a massive aid program by George Marshall to rebuild Europe from debts of World War II and restore faith in capitalism. Make Europe rich and strong again and prosperous enough to resist communism. The plan applies to Western Europe only. American labor, farming, and manufacturing practices (technology) sent to Europe. -
Berlin Airlift
On June 22, 1948, to propose communism upon the Germans, the Soviet Union closed all travel routes and water/sewage systems to Berlin. The Berlin Airlift is a U.S effort to deliver supplies including two million tons of food and coal by air to West Berlin in 1848-1849. This was a response to the Soviet blockade of the city. Stalin had ordered a blockade were all supplies were cut off. In May 1949, Stalin lifted the blockade conceding that he could not prevent the creation of West Germany. -
The Fair Deal
Fair Deal were proposals put by U.S. President, Harry S. Truman to Congress. In 1949, Truman proposed a package of reforms- the Fair Deal. Truman was able to get some gains in public housing, minimum wage, and Social Security increases. The Fair Deal was a domestic program that called to an end to job discrimination for African Americans. Anti-communism was also a key element in his foreign and domestic policies. -
Korean War
Between WWII, the Japanese had control of Korea’s natural resources. The war was fought between North Korea (Soviet Russia) and South Korea (U.S, UN). After the war ended, they hoped to be their own nation, but the allies split them where the Soviet controlled North and the U.S controlled the South. 54,000 Americans died to keep communism “contained.” The war proved that the U.S is willing to go to war to halt communism. The war ended in 1953. -
Elvis
Elvis Presley was born in 1935 in a poor family living in East Tupelo, Mississippi. Elvis loved music as a teen but was forced to be self-taught. He began getting attractions for his music in 1954 (19 years old). He had his own distinctive style and of others like Black rhythm-and-blues songs. Dance moves associated with this genre led people to believe they were sexually suggestive. In 1956, Elvis became a national hit for other teens. -
Bill Haley and the Comets
The sensational group Bill Haley and the Comets became a hit for their song “Rock Around the Clock.” This song stayed number one for eight weeks and sold roughly about twenty-five million copies around the world. Before their release of the song, rock n’ roll was repeatedly thrown out because of its bad influence on teenagers. Bill Haley and the Comets is said to change the culture of Americans and worldwide. -
Beat Generation
The movement started in the late 1950s, after WWII. It is a rise in artists, novelists, and poets. They rejected American materialism and culture, home ownership, careers, and marriage. They believed in individual freedom and pleasure: drugs and sex. This generation is the foundation of hippies and war protests in the 1960s. They borrowed slang from black community; phrases like “dig it, and “man.” -
Period: to
1950's
The 1950's is a time period of peace and fear. Pop culture rises causing problems yet satisfaction. Rock n Roll was introduced influencing young teens to "misbehave". New movies and TV shows affect the way many see family and want to be like them (ideal family). There's also a lot of racial segregation movements happening like the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Sit-Ins, and the Brown v. Board of Education court case. The 1950's era is mixed in with the Civil Rights era. -
Little Richard
Richard Wayne Penniman (Little Richard) was born on December 5, 1932 in Macon, Georgia. It is said that his songs from the mid -1950s defined the early rock n’ roll era. His enthusiasm turned songs into huge hits and impacted bands like the Beatles. In 1955, Richard signed up with Specialty Records producer Art Rupe. In addition to his songs, Little Richard appeared in several rock films. -
Malcolm X
Malcolm X is a black Muslim minister and influential black leader who opposed Martin Luther King's non violent methods of civil disobedience. He split the movement and is responsible for forming the OAAU with young, urban blacks to send a message of socialism and self-help. Malcolm is for nationalism, self-defense, racial separation. He was assassinated in 1965 while giving a speech in New York City. -
Period: to
Civil Rights
The Civil Rights era is a time period in America where African Americans begin realizing their lives are worth fighting for. Great movements arise in which affect society including other countries. African Americans begin to see the power of TV and take advantage of it by letting all the extreme mistreatment whites have against them. Things to take in consideration is the Brown v. Board court case which ends racial segregation in schools. Leaders will rise like MLK, Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks. -
Emmett Till Tragedy
Emmett Till is a 14 year old boy whom with his family were travelling from Chicago to Money, Mississippi. It is said that while he was out with his cousins, they dared him to ask a girl out, leading to a tragic incident. Four days later, Emmett was abducted, beaten, and thrown into the river. The funeral was held in Chicago (open casket) so everyone could see how Jim Crow was. This tragic event is a major factor contributing to the Civil Rights movement. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was a NAACP member who began the Montgomery Bus Boycott (4 months after Till's death.) She boards the back of the bus and a white man demands her seat, but she will refuse. She was arrested for violating Jim Crow rules.Jo Ann Robinson will start a word of boycott and will continue until something happens. Former riders will carpool leading to get the bus company out of business. SCOTUS will then rule segregated buses unconstitutional & black riders could sit anywhere on the bus. -
Dr. Jonas Salk
Jonas Salk was a scientist and doctor. He was born in October 28, 1914 at New York, New York. He attended various universities like the University of Michigan, City College of New York, New York University, and College of Medicine. In 1947, he began researching on polio at the University of Pittsburgh. On April 12, 1955, the vaccine was released in the U.S. The oral vaccine was available in 1961. About two years later, he established the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. -
Television
In the year of 1955, about 75% of the population had black and white TV. It was new entertainment where one was able to watch the news. The shows “I Love Lucy” & “Father Knows Best” began setting the ideal families showing obedience and hard work. Politicians utilized the TV as power, like the Kennedy v. Nixon debate. Kennedy knew that people would go for appearance, leading him to be victorious in the election. He had access to looking handsome & allowing viewers to see him “presidential like.” -
Albert Sabin
Dr. Albert B. Sabin is best known as the developer of the oral live virus polio vaccine. It was tested outside of the U.S from 1957-1959. Soon, a successful vaccine was used to treat polio across the globe. As well as dedicating his entire professional career to eliminate human suffering, Dr. Sabin also waged a campaign against poverty. He is known for his contributions in bringing peace and fighting diseases by cooperating internationally. -
Ike Turner
Like many other artists, Ike Turner made his upcoming because of R&B. He was born in November 5, 1931 in Mississippi, and grew up listening to blues. Twenty-five years later, he married a singer Anne Mae Bullock and helped her create her stage persona, Tina Turner. They both created several hits and won an Grammy Award in 1971. Ike Turner struggled with drug addiction and died of a cocaine overdose in December 12, 2007. -
Space Race
The space race was a competition between Soviet Union and the U.S for power and supremacy. Both nations focused on winning firsts in the space exploration. This seemed necessary for national security. The Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev and the president of the U.S wanted to prove their scientific superiority. Both countries believed that conquering outer space was very important. The primary goal was to get to the moon first. -
Little Rock 9
Nine African American students are going to attend Central High School. Governor Orval Faubus (Arizona) denies entry to these nine students and wants only whites to be admitted. Elizabeth Eckford, one of the nine, remains calm and straight forward though many are screaming and discriminating her. President Eisenhower enforces SCOTUS decision to escort the 9 students safely by troops to school. This is another factor contributing to the Civil Rights movement. -
Orvaul Fabous
Orvaul Fabous is the governor who contradicted the coordination of Central High sent the Little Rock National Guard to keep them out. He is best known for his 1957 remain against integration of Little Rock government funded schools during the Little Rock crisis, in which he challenged the United States Supreme Court by requesting the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students from going to Little Rock Central High School. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
The act was brought by President Eisenhower. It's purpose was to protect African Americans voting rights across the country, but it did not guarantee a ballot for blacks. This was the first Civil Rights bill to be passed after the Reconstruction era. It stopped election officials from interfering with black voter registration and established a Civil Rights Commission. -
The New Frontier
President John F. Kennedy's Domestic Policy was called the "New Frontier." Kennedy wanted to improve the lives of all Americans and close the gap between the rich and poor. With the New Frontier, he was hoping to increase federal aid to education, provide health insurance to elderly, and create a Department of Urban. With this in hand, Kennedy decides to create the Civil Rights Act after the Birmingham incident in 1963. -
LSD
LSD is a colorless, odorless, and a bit bitter tasting drug. The introduction of the drug LSD began when Albert Hofmann searched for a blood stimulant. LSD was popularized in the 1960s by psychologist Timothy Leary, who encouraged American students to “turn on, tune in, and drop out.” This created an entire counterculture of drug abuse and spread the drug from America to Europe. Many people utilized this drug to escape society's problems. -
Sit Ins
In the late 1950s, nonviolence goes from schools to other public places. African Americans want for the whites in the North to see their struggle. They will begin going to restaurants and sit in the "Only White" section. They remained there until they were served. This will also hurt the restaurant business since it's making other whites leave. Protesters allowed to be beaten so others could feel bad for them. This will successfully lead to the desegregation of lunch counters. -
Period: to
1960's
The Civil Rights still continues within this time period. John F. Kennedy will run, but assassinated in 1964. LBJ will take over and he promised education and a good standard of living. New amendments will be added (24-27). This time period is also MLK's time in which he rises to make equality happen. Apart from African Americans, Hispanics will strive to make a movement as well like the Chicano Movement and people like Hector Garcia. -
Peace Corps
A government office made by president Kennedy in 1961 to advance willful administration by american sin outside nations demonstrates work energy to enable creating nations to enhance their foundation, medicinal services, instructive frameworks, and different parts of their social orders. Part of Kennedy's New Frontier vision, the association spoke to an exertion by after war liberals to advance American qualities and impact through beneficial trades over the world. -
Earl Warren Supreme Court
Earl Warren was a dubious Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1953-1969. He drove the court in an extensive racial, social, and political decisions, including school integration and securing privileges of those blamed for crime. The Court was made when Eisenhower selected the already preservationist Earl Warren as boss equity over William J. Brennan Jr. The court turned into a promoter for singular rights. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
In 1962, Soviet weapons began to import to Cuba. Kennedy reacted to warning that the U.S would not tolerate the offensive weapons in Cuba. The crisis was a 13-day confrontation between the Soviets and USA over ballistic missiles placed in Cuba. Aerial photos showed continued construction of missile sites. Kennedy then receives letter offering a negotiation of this with removal of blockade and invasion. The outcome of the crisis caused Cuba to remain communist and heavily armed. -
Warren Commission
The Warren Commission was established by president LBJ to investigate the death of JFK in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963. Chief Justice Earl Warren, concluded in its 888-page report that Lee Harvey Oswald had acted alone in killing America's president, and that there was no scheme. The commission found that the Secret Service had influenced poor arrangements for Kennedy's visit to Dallas to and had failed to secure him. The Warren Commission will later be used to investigate MLK's death. -
Anti-War Movement
The anti-war movement began in California when students protested. It began with the bombing of North Vietnam in 1964 and the introduction of combat troops the following year. All individuals from the Anti-War Movement shared a restriction to war in Vietnam and denounced U.S presence there. They guaranteed this was damaging Vietnam's rights. This development brought about developing activism on grounds went for social change and so on. -
March on Washington
John F. Kennedy proposed a new Civil Rights bill on TV, causing violence to spread across the South. Martin Luther King will then take Civil Rights to D.C. 500 thousand people walk to Lincoln Memorial (Aug. 28, 1963). He will give his most famous speech there- I Have a Dream. It was watched live around the world. This march was in support for the civil rights bill and appealed for the end of racial prejudice. -
Lee Harvey Oswald
Lee Harvey Oswald, as indicated by government examinations, he was the sniper who killed JFK. He was an ex-marine who deserted to the Soviet Union. He lived in the Soviet Union until June 1962. Oswald was at first captured for the murder of cop Tippit who was killed 45 minutes after JFK was shot. Oswald would later be accused of the murder of Kennedy. After two days, while being moved from the police to the region imprison, Oswald was shot and killed by Jack Ruby. -
Assassination of JFK
John F. Kennedy was killed in Dallas by Lee Harvey Oswald. Kennedy was going by Dallas to begin gathering support for the presidential election of 1964. Kennedy's death and burial service turned into a vital crossroads for that era, as the country watched Kennedy's state memorial service on TV. His short administration was seen as a high purpose of the after war period and cast its effect on American legislative issues during the 1960s and 1970s. -
Birmingham Bombing
The sixteenth Street Baptist Church bombarding was a demonstration of racial oppressor fear mongering which happened at the African-American sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama on Sunday, September 15, 1963, when four individuals from the KKK planted at least 15 sticks of explosive joined to a planning gadget underneath the front strides of the congregation. Four little girls were killed because of the bomb. -
Daisy Girl Ad
This political attack ad made in September 1964 called "Peace Little Girl" shows a little girl counting the petals off a flower, and suddenly a bomb explosion. The ad was made by Lyndon B. Johnson in the presidential election. The purpose of this video was to send out a message that presidential candidate Barry Goldwater was a genocidal lunatic who threatened the world's future. After two months, President Lyndon Johnson won effortlessly. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Invalidated the utilization of any test or device to deny the vote and approved government examiners to enroll voters in states that had disappointed blacks; as more blacks turned out to be politically dynamic and chose dark delegates, it brought occupations, contracts, and offices and administrations for the dark group, empowering more noteworthy social fairness and diminishing the riches and training hole. -
Hippies
They are part of the Counter Cultural movement which spread beginning in college campuses in the U.S. This particular group was alienated from the rest because of their own beliefs. They were for anti-materialism, free use of drugs, and had a casual attitude toward sex and anti-conformity. They moved to San Francisco because of its low rent and interracial communities. -
Black Panther Party
This particular party is an African American organization led by Huey Newton, with a purpose to promote Black Power and self-defense. They dressed in black commando attire, and were originally founded in Oakland, California. They were able to accomplish national presence through their deep involvement in the local community. Huey Newton will then be jailed for manslaughter, killing a cop. The Black Panthers destroyed themselves in his absence. -
Death of MLK
In April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. was on his way travelling to Memphis, Tennessee for a speech at a church. He was shot by James Earl Ray at Lorraine Motel in the balcony while talking to someone, leaving MLK to die at a local hospital. Because of the assassination, black protesters rioted throughout the country, affecting 100 cities. In Washington D.C, the riot lasted 4 days and 12 were killed and 1,000 injured. It took 15,000 soldiers to restore order. -
Silent Majority Involvement's in Politics
A term utilized by President Richard Nixon to show his belief that the great body of Americans upheld his approaches and that the individuals who were against the inclusion of the United States in the Vietnam War added up to just an noisy minority. Towards the end of the speech, he requested the support of the "great silent majority" for his plans. The speech affected the war and Nixon presidency but also it promoted a political opportunity in the Republican Part -
Warren Burger Supreme Court
Warren Burger was the 15th chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, nominated by President Richard Nixon in 1969 and retired in 1986. Tended to side with the justice system more than with the rights of the accused and criminal suspects. Because of the Miranda ruling, the right to have an attorney present during police questioning wasn't overthrown. The court also held that the right to abortion (Roe v. Wade) is part of the constitutional right to privacy. -
Period: to
1970's
In some ways, the 1970's era is a continued version of 1960's. Many are striving to attain equality rights like African Americans, Native Americans, gays & lesbians. There's a changing economy with high unemployment and rising prices. The auto industry sells less and are competing with Japanese cars. Nixon's presidency is at risk because of Watergate. The 70's is another era with a bad economy. -
Equal Rights Amendment
In 1923, Congress introduces the idea of this new amendment with an intent to specifically give equal rights to women. This amendment failed, then revised and failed again. The amendment was then brought up again about 49 years later in 1972 needing only 38 states to pass. By 1979, 35 states were for it but three denied it. Many fear it would subject women to draft. Not only men were against the amendment but women were too. They wanted life the way it was with no worries. -
Title IX
Title IX protects people from discrimination based on sex in education programs and activities that receive federal finance assistance, as well as activities from sex discrimination including sexual harassment. The Title IX still hasn't created equal status for women in athletics today. It still needs help to get women equal pay and equal scholarship money. -
Watergate
President Nixon sends 5 “plumbers” to steal campaign information but were caught by a security guard and arrested. Nixon will deny he knows any of this but still sent to trial- Trial of the Plumbers. The trial revealed that Nixon was using a taping system to utilize for future presidential book. The Senate and Justice Department demand tapes but Nixon refuses because of the executive privilege. Nixon will turn in an edited version of the tapes to the Senate and say he was proven innocent. -
Roe v. Wade
In the years of 1970's, women weren't allowed to make decisions like abortion. It was against the law unless for an extreme reason. Jane Roe (Norma McCovey) will protest for legalized abortion. She sues Texas for right to privacy. Her experience includes having a baby but giving it up for adoption. SCOTUS rules outlawing abortion is unconstitutional- mostly for scientific cause stating one doesn't know when the life of a baby forms- doctors should determine whether or not to have abortion. -
Heritage Foundation
The Heritage Foundation was formed in February 16, 1973 founded by Edwin Feulner, Joseph Coors, Paul Weyrich, with a purpose to formulate and promote moderate public policies based on the standards of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American family values, and a solid national guard. The foundation was a non-profit lobbying group. -
Robert Johnson
Robert Johnson is thought to be one of the best blues entertainers ever. His hits include "I Believe I'll Dust My Broom" and "Sweet Home Chicago," which has turned into a blues standard. Throughout his profession, Johnson traveled, playing wherever he could. Some portion of his mythology is a story of how he picked up his musical talents by making a deal with the devil. He passed on at age 27 as the associated casualty with a consider harming. -
Camp David Accords
The Camp David Accords was a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt made possible by president Jimmy Carter. Israel agreed to remove Jewish settlements in Sinai Peninsula and return to Egypt. Egypt agreed to put aside the Palestine issue and signed agreement separate from Arab nations. By September 1978, the agreement between the two countries was reached. About two years later in 1981, Anwar Sadat (Egypt leader) was assassinated by Islamic extremists. -
Iran Hostage Crisis
On February 14, 1979 the embassy was mobbed by five hundred Iranians. When Carter (president) allowed for the shah to come to U.S for medical treatment, angry Khomeini followers seized the American embassy in Tehran- Iran's capital. Fifty two Americans were taken hostage and moved from place to place for 444 days. Because of Carter's failed attempts to give the hostages freedom, his popularity decreased and made his chances for re-election unlikely. -
Black Entertainment Television (BET)
The BET started in 1980 in Washington D.C, founded by Rober L Johnson and Sheila Johnson, purchased by Viacom attracting advertisers who want to reach nonwhite audience. It is an American cable television network developed primarily for African American viewers. BET also operates a channel focused towards African American women. It feautres contemporary and 20th century popoular music through BET Gospel, BET Hip-Hop, BET James, and BET Soul. -
Soviet War in Afghanistan
The war began in 1979 when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan. They carried out guerilla warfare that drives Soviets out. During December 1979, the Soviet Union sent thousands of troops to Afghanistan and assumed complete military and political control of Kabul and large portions of the country. When Mikhail became leader of the Soviet Union, he wanted the war to end by increasing Soviet troops. This didn’t work, and instead caused cost the economy. He signed a peace treaty to end the war. -
The Moral Majority
It was established in 1979 by Baptist minister Jerry Falwell. The Moral Majority was created because of the social and social changes that happened in the United States in the 1960s and '70s. Christian fundamentalists were frightened by various improvements that, in their view, threatened their beliefs like the Civil Rights movement, womens' movement, the gay rights development, the generally lenient sexual ethical quality predominant among young children/teens, and the teaching of evolution. -
Election of 1980
During this election Ronald Reagan from the Republican party defeats Jimmy Carter (Democrat). Reagan wins because of Carter's unpopularity and poor relations with the Democratic leaders. This was also because many believed it was Carter's fault for high inflation, unemployment, and the cause for low value of the United States dollar. Apart from that, he signed the Panama Canal making him more disliked than ever. -
Period: to
1980's
The 1980's had financial changes because of finances and overall economics. Pop culture was really important to people- a time period for movies. There's the introduction of Reaganomics: President Reagan's Domestic Policy. He reduces corporate taxes by 42%. There was only an attempt to take down the president. The SDI is a failed attempt for the U.S to defend missile shield against Soviet missiles. Towards the end, retails and entertainment rises more like Estee Lauder, cable TV, etc. -
Sandra Day O'Connor
Sandra Day O'Connor was chosen to 2 terms in the Arizona state senate. Because schooling where she lived was less opportunistic for young ladies, her parents sent her to live with her grandma in El Paso. She flourished at the Radford School for Girls and graduated high school 2 years early. In 1981, Ronald Reagan assigned her to the U.S. Supreme Court. She got consistent Senate endorsement, and impacted the world forever as the principal lady justice to serve on the country's most highest court. -
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan was the 40th president of the United States who was part of the Republican party. Before becoming a president, Reagan was well known for being an actor. During his presidency, he cut off taxes, increased defense spending, negotiated a nuclear arms reduction agreement with the Soviets, and is credited with helping to bring a quicker end to the Cold War. -
Reagonomics
Reaganomics is refers to the economic policies brought up by Ronald Reagan during his presidency in the 1980's. It was based on the theory of supply-side economics. It dealt with reduction of taxes, the promotion of unrestricted free-market activity, increased military spending and the deregulation of domestic markets. -
Satellite Entertainment
The satellite business has grown from exclusive's plan to present status as a major home entertainment provider and a pivotal information delivery technology. The amount of dish proprietors develop, link organizations, & link administrations started to see them as "prates" who were taking signals. From 1981-1985, the "big-dish" C-Band satellite market started to take off. System sales took off as equipment costs fell, and the possibility of a practical DBS system was starting to come to shape. -
Music Television (MTV)
Television has become a big part in the people's life for informing all of news. Now, it will be used to show its very first music video. The upcoming of this new show will define pop culture, change generations, and shape an industry. The first song played was Video Killed the Radio Star because it served as the "perfect" song bring in this new era of music and to begin the MTV legacy. -
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) “Star Wars”
A program initially started on March 23, 1983 under President Ronald Reagan. The aim of this program was to build up a complex ballistic missile destroying rocket framework keeping in mind the end goal to keep rocket assaults from different nations, particularly the Soviet Union. The innovation turned out to be excessively complex and a great part of the examination was scratched off by later organizations. -
Space Shuttle Program
The main flight set off was made in April 12, 1981. The space carry Challenger was one of NASA's most noteworthy triumphs. It was the second transport to achieve space, in April 1983. It effectively finished nine development missions but on its tenth dispatch, on Jan. 28, 1986, the shuttle exploded 73 seconds after liftoff, killing the seven crewmembers. The mischance changed the space program until the end of time. -
Iran Contra Affair
The result political scandal threatened to bring down the presidency of Ronald Reagan. It started in 1985, when President Ronald Reagan's organization provided weapons to Iran — an enemy — with expectations of securing the arrival of American prisoners held in Lebanon by Hezbollah psychological militants faithful to the Ayatollah Khomeini -
Fall of the Berlin Wall
In 1987, President Ronald Reagan gave a speech in Berlin asking the leader of the Soviet Union to bring down the wall. During that time, the Soviet Union was already in starting point to collapse. Then, the borders were open & people moved freely between Eastern & Western Germany & the fall began to show across Eastern Europe. Most of the wall was brought down because of people chipping away as they celebrated an end to a divided Germany. On October 3, 1990, Germany was officially one country. -
Persian Gulf War / 1st Iraq War
A worldwide conflict created b Iraq's invasion of Kuwait on August 1990. Egypt as well as other countries joined the anti-Iraq coalition. The Iraq leader Saddam Hussein ordered the invasion and occupation of neighboring Kuwait in early August.Hussein defied United Nations Security Council demands to back away from Kuwait by mid January, and the war began -
Period: to
1990's
Communism has finally come to an end, but the Persian Gulf war begins. Trade barriers will be knocked off with the development of NAFTA. Bill Clinton's presidency will begin and he as well will face problems like the Lewinski affair. Lying under oath will have him impeached but not kicked off. During the mid 1990's the Balkans crisis begins: conflict between Christians and Muslims. -
Rodney King Incident
Rodney King is well known for his involvement in a police brutality case involving the LAPD (Los Angeles Police Department) on March 3, 1991. George Holliday recorded the incident from a distance & the footage showed the officers continuously striking King with their batons. The video played on TV around the world causing public outrage that raised tensions between the black community & the LAPD. A year later, 2 of the officers were convicted of federal civil rights violations & sent to prison. -
Election of 1992
The United States presidential election of 1992 had three candidates- Incumbent Republican George H. W Bush; Democrat Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton, and Texas Businessman Ross Perot. Bush planned to win by promising "no new taxes." Clinton proposed that if he was elected he would be a "different kind of President with a very different economy policy" from George Bush's. Perot's plan would also provide for investment tax credits. -
World Trade Center Attack - 1993
In February 26, 1993, terrorist Ramzi Yousef and five other place a car bomb in the basement of the WTC in NYC. The attack was the work of radical Muslim terrorists who hated the U.S because of its support for Israel. The aim was to bring down the North Tower of the World Trade Center. The blast killed six people and injured about 1,040 people. Within the arrest and trials, the 6 men (terrorists) promised that the next attack would be successful. -
Health Care Reform
After nine months, in his presidency, Bill Clinton submitted a 240,000 word plan to Congress that would ensure health care to all Americans but was rejected. The Clinton health care plan was an enormously complicated process headed by the First Lady Hillary Clinton and Ira C. Magaziner, a friend of Bill Clinton. The document provided scores of details that weren't available in White House documents or speeches by Administration. -
Don't Ask, Don't Tell Policy
The policy denied military work force from oppressing or harassing closeted homosexual or bisexual service members or applicants while excepting straightforwardly gay, lesbian, or bisexual people from military administration. As the nation's attitude toward homosexuality changed, a movement grew to repeal DADT. In 2010, Clinton will say he rejected ever passing that policy, later president Barack Obama will sign a measure repealing DADT. -
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
The NAFTA was written to create a Free Trade area in North America. This would allow the countries to free trade goods with each other without having to pay a tariff. NAFTA will get rid of all the trade barriers. This agreement was signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States and became effective in January 1, 1994. To make a claim for NAFTA preference, the importer must have a certificate of source at the time the claim is made. -
Welfare Reform
The PRWORA sought to change the "culture of poverty" in America. Goals of the act was to reduce child poverty rate, cut spending by reducing dependence on government aid, and reduce number of children born out of wedlock through strengthening heterosexual marriage. The act itself ended welfare as an entitlement program. It placed a lifetime limit on benefits of 60 months and placed money in the hands of the states which allowed for innovation in welfare reform. -
Lionel Sosa
Lionel Sosa is known for being an influential Hispanic in America. Because of Dwight Eisenhower's version of the American Dream during a televised speech at the 1952 Republican Convention, Sosa decided he wanted to be a rich businessman and a Republican. Sosa also helped U.S. Senator John Tower win his 1978 re-election with 37% of the Hispanic vote. Sosa is the founder of Bromley Communications becoming the largest Hispanic advertising agency in the U.S. -
Election of 2000
The election of 2000 was a contest between George W. Bush (Republican) who was then the Governor of Texas, and Al Gore (Democratic) who was then Vice President. The election depended on comes about because of the province of Florida, where the vote was so close as to order a recount. The result of the election was at last chosen by the US Supreme Court in Bush v. Gore. Bush narrowly lost the popular vote to Gore, but defeated Gore in the electoral college. -
Bush v. Gore (SCOTUS Case)
In the case Bush argued that a recount in the vote violated the Equal protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. Gore argued back that the "intent of the voter" standard was sufficient under the 14th Amendment. The case brought the issue of electoral reform to the nations attention as by popular vote, Gore received more votes than Bush. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of George Bush. The Clause of the 14th Amendment requires the federal government to respect the legal rights of American citizens. -
Period: to
Contemporary
Americans face a disaster in which they were being attacked- 9/11. Because of this, the PATRIOT Act will be passed to expand the government's law enforcement power. The Second Iraq war will begin in 2003, and Bush will pass the Bush Doctrine. After this, there's hope for America until 2008 when the recession begins, but stopped before it got worse. Apart from the bad things, many new updates will be made in technology like personal computers and internet. There's a rise in business Space tech. -
9/11 Attacks
19 militants related with the Islamic group al-Qaeda captured 4 planes & did suicide assaults against targets in the U.S. Two of the planes were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in NYC, a third plane hit the Pentagon outside Washington, D.C., and the fourth plane slammed in a field in Pennsylvania. Around 3,000 were murdered during the 9/11 terrorist attacks, which activated major U.S. activities to battle terrorism and characterized the administration of George W. Bush. -
No Child Left Behind Education Act
The act authorizes several federal education programs that are administered by the states. It was an act of Congress that included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students. It is president George W. Bush's education-reform bill which was signed into law on January 8, 2002. The act affects what students learn, the tests they take, the teacher's training, and the way money is spent on education. -
2nd Iraq War
The 2nd Iraq War is also known as the Second Persian Gulf War, lasting from 2003-2011. The war was started by Iraq dictator Saddam Hussein in September 1980. Americans were told by the administration of president Bush that the U.S will go to war with Iraq because of the threat of Saddam's weapons of mass destruction and ties to terrorism. President Bush tried to get the UN and NATO to support an attack on Iraq but they refused. Britain was the only one that agreed to help. -
Hurricane Katrina Disaster
Hurricane Katrina formed over the Bahamas on August 23, 2005. It crossed Florida killing some people and flooded places. When the storm arrived, many of the city’s unstable levees and drainage canals. A huge number of individuals in Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama were displaced from their homes, and specialists evaluate that Katrina caused more than $100 billion in harm. -
Election of 2008
The election was a competition between Democrat Barack Obama and Republican John McCain. Obama received a total of 365 electoral votes, and McCain just 173. This election was the first where an African American was elected president. Obama proposed a major health care reform, policies to reshape the economy, and increase taxes for high income earners. McCain argued that he would provide effective bipartisan leadership. He also argued that he had experience and maturity to be president. -
First Hispanic SCOTUS judge - Sonia Sotomayor
Sonia Sotomayor was appointed for Supreme Court Justice by president Barack Obama in May 26, 2009. The nomination was confirmed in August 2009 by the U.S Senate by a vote of 68 to 31. Sotomayor is now known for the first Latina Supreme Court Justice in U.S. history. Though Sotomayor faced many problems in her childhood, she continued to fight for her goals. The TV show Perry Mason inspired her wishes to become a judge. She is still today viewed as a inspiration for other Latinas. -
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
The country U.S.A was facing a weak economic state resulting to pass the ARRA. It is an economic boost bill made to enable the United States economy to recuperate from a financial downturn that started in late 2007. Congress endorsed the $787 billion American Recovery and Reinvestment Act in February 2009. It was enacted by the 111th U.S. Congress and marked into law by President Barack Obama in February 2009. -
Affordable Care Act (ACA) “Obamacare”
The Affordable Care Act is a health care reform law enacted in March 2010. Its three main goals is to support innovative medical care delivery methods created to lower the price of health care generally, make affordable health insurance, and expand the Medicaid program to cover all adults with an income lower than 138% of the federal poverty level. This landmark health reform legislation was also passed by the 111th Congress and signed into law by president Barack Obama.
