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Louisiana Purchase
Description
President Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the United States by purchasing the Louisiana Territory from the French Significance
The flood plains of the Mississippi River and the Great Plains were part of the Louisiana Purchase and became one of the agricultural gold mines of the United States. -
Period: to
US History
US History from the 19th century to present day America with a focus on water, war, and other significant subjects that will be required in the VTED Standards and National Center for History in the Schools UCLA. -
Erie Canal
Description
Built for transport of raw and finished materials up the Hudson from the Atlantic Ocean (NYC) to the mid western region via Lake Erie-Facilitated NYC becoming a highly significant seaport. A valuable source is "Wedding of the Waters;" when completed Governor Clinton took water from Lake Erie and transported to the Atlantic.
Significance
The Erie Canal is the reason for New York’s growth and connecting the imports of overseas and the exports from the mid-west of agriculture -
Missouri Compromise
Description
Congress passes to prohibit slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of parallel 36 degrees 30', with the exception of Missouri. The compromise also included the admission of Maine as a free state. Significance
There is a clearer delineation between the Union free states of the North and the Confederate slave states of the South. The were a few states above the Missouri Compromise line that had always been slave states (MO, KY, WV, VA, DE, MD) -
Abolitionist Movement
Desctripton
Goal was immediate freedom of all slaves. The abolitionist movement, in the long term, contributed to efforts to end racial segregation. Significance
One of the main groups of people that initiated the abolition of slavery. Some of the main leaders of the Abolitionist movement were Frederick Douglass, Harriet Beecher Stowe (Uncle Tom’s Cabin), William Lloyd Garrison (editor of the Liberator) John Brown (1856), Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts, and Quakers (9) -
Cholera epidemic NYC
Description
Due in part to the inadequate and unclean water supply on Manhattan Island, 3,500 people died from Asiatic Cholera Significance
In part because of the 1832 and 1834 outbreak, the city developed access to enough clean by constructing the aqueduct system from the Croton River to the city. This became one of the most monumental pubilc water project in history. New York was able to grow in size and technology because of this outbreak of Cholera -
Croton Aqueduct
1837-1842 Description
Forty-one mile long aqueduct completed to carry clean drinking water from upstate Croton River to NYC and to project against increasing fires.-Largest engineering project undertaken in US by 1840s using tunnels & bridges (completed 1848)-Not in use for water transport anymore but a public walkway (How does NYC get water now???) Significance
Water systems in the United States became more developed due to disease. -
Manifest Destiny
1840-1848
Description
Belief of the white Americans that it was their “God given right” (Khan) for the US to extend all the way to the west coast Significance
Just the beginning of narcissistic Western beliefs. Many thousands of Native American peoples were forced out of their homes.-The start of massive agricultural growth of the US -
Fredrick Douglass
Description
1818-1895Abolitionist, orator, writer. Born into slavery in Maryland. Became black leader in Abolitionist movement. Supported women’s suffrage & equality of all people. 1845 wrote: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave Significance
Played a major roll in the abolishment of slavery. He inspired strength in black and white people of his time and people living today. One of the first significant black leaders of American History. -
Mexican American War
Description
Beginning of war-Caused by the border dispute over Texas -US army takes over what is now New Mexico and extended its borders all the way to the Pacific Coast Significance
One of the main factors in the expansion of the United States to the Pacific Coast. -The Rio Grand River became the border -
Karl Marx
Description
German economist published Communist Manifesto discouraging workers against capitalism (see Cold War-Communism) Significance
In the early 1900s Marx’s book was what helped to start revolution among communist Russians. -Marx is the inventor of communism -
Manifest Destiny is actualized / Mexican American war ends
Description
War ends -Manifest Destiny belief was used by political parties to promote the Mexican American War-Belief that it was always the American’s right to expand across the continent between Mexico and the US Significance
America gains more respect and power in military forces despite high American casualties. The Mexicans had been humiliated during the war. The Americans believed that by offering money it would help in reaching a treaty agreement. $15 million was approved. -
George Corliss, N.Y.
Description
Invented the Corliss Steam Engine which was different from the Stationary Steam Engine invented in the 18th century Significance
This was a very important promotion development for producing energy. Factories and mills prospered from Its fuel efficiency and became more economical than water power. -
Harriet Tubman(nickname Moses)
Description
In 1820, born into slavery in Maryland, escapes in 1849 to Philadelphia & returns to free family and dozens of other slaves using the “Underground Railroad” only at night. After Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 she brought slaves to Canada. Spied for Union in Civil War. Suffragette. Significance
Iconic figure in American history of the struggle of slaves and the bravery of those who led the Underground Railroad. -
Fugitive Slave Act
Description
All runaway slaves in the North had to be brought back to their masters in the South-Levi Coffin & Quakers supported the Underground Railroad Significance
Many slaves who had risked their lives and the lives of their families lost their newly found freedom. This law made it very dangerous for those who were helping slaves escape and housing them in the Free States. -
Hudson River School
Description
Romanticism landscape painters made lavish pictures of landscapes in eastern US Significance
The new wealthy families of the industrial era went to those places for vacations. Beautiful water created jobs from its beauty at the Delaware Water gap, White Mountains, Niagara Falls. -
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty signed
Description
A negotiation between the United States and Britain agreed to neutralize the area around the proposed Nicaragua Canal in Nicaragua that would connect the Pacific Acean to the Atlantic. (2) Significance
Prevented the US and Britain from occupying a large part of South America. The proposed canal would have increased the transport of goods from the Western United States to Britain. -
Harriet Beecher Stowe
(1811-1896)
Description
Born in CT. Abolitionist. Published Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852. Met Lincoln in DC 11/25/1862. Rumor that he said, “So you are the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war.” Significance
Educated many people about the life of slaves in America at that time. Her book promoted anti-slavery and made her famous for her writing and political importance. -
John Brown, abolitionist, Harper’s Ferry, VA, E Drake, and Oil
Description
October-Brown plus 13 whites & 5 blacks seized a federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry to get guns to start an “army of freedom fighters to invade South and free slaves by force” (9:18)---Edwin Drake drilled first hole to create a well only 69 feet deep. Petroleum had been patented for skin & diarrhea medicine, now to be used make paraffin & kerosene (4:179) Significance
First oil rush in US. Oil provided better source of lighting, steel & chemical production. Provided dangerous jobs. -
Confederate flag-Lincoln elected 16th president - Secession Movement
Description
Lincoln wanted to stop the spread of slavery & preserve the Union
South Carolina and other states secede from the Union believing in the States’ rights to choice if free or slave state Significance
Lincoln wanted to maintain the Union.
Secession caused more tension between the North and South creating the potential for civil war dissolution of the Union -
Civil War
1861-1865
Description
Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC April 12–13, 1861First telegraph wires from NY to CA. (2)
Confederates fire, forcing Union troops to evacuate Transcontinental communication with technology
Significance
Civil War begins. Made instant coast-to-coast communication and end of Pony Express (overland mail service). -
Reconstruction Period
1865-1877
Description
Beginning of Industrial Revolution: Railroads, mills, factories. Efforts were made to "bind up the nation's wounds" through industrial and political changes, designed to restore the South's place in the US and to bring former slaves into the mainstram of society and government. But it failed because the federal government was init Significance
Still today there is a much more severe sepparation between Caucasian and colored people in the South that in northern states. -
End of Civil War
Description
The Confederates surrendered after four years. The 13th Amendment to the Constitution is ratified abolishing slavery. The issues leading to the war begin to be resolved in the following years of reconstruction. Significance
If not for this bloody war, America would probably not be called the United States and slavery would have gone on openly for a much longer period of time. -
14th Amendment Ratified / Lowe Invention
Description
The ratification of the 14th Amendment providing “equal protection” and “due process” securing civil rights of Negroes.
Thaddeus Lowe invents production of artificial ice for commercial use (WATER)
Significance
The 14th Amendment was very monumental in American History. It was a way of recognizing that all men, but not women, are equal and have a right to belong. -
KKK
Description
Ku Klux Klan formally organized in Nashville Tenn, formed in 1865 by Confederate officers as a social club. Significance
This hate group terrorized black communities openly untill the early 1870's and the second nationwide KKK outbreak happened in the mid 1920's. The third wave happened during WWII in opposition to the Civil Rights Movement. The Klan is still present in our country and use different forms of fear tactics and violence to send a message to those they disaprove of. -
World's 1st Transcontinental RR
Description
Between Omaha and Sacramento, known as the Pacific Railroad and later the Overland Route. (1863-1869) Significance
Created more migrants moving west to settle new states. Also there was easier access to transportation of goods and people. -
15th Amendment
Description
15th Amendment ratified giving free black men the right to vote. Significance
Women of both races were still not able to vote but steps towards
equality were being taken.
Most states which had seceded from the Union prior or during the Civil War are readmitted to the Union (e.g., VA, MS, TX, GA, AK, NC, SC, FL, AL, LA) -huge immigration into the US from other counties. 1870 Census shows US population 40 million, 5 million freed Negroes, 2 million immigrants. -
Telephone Patent
Description
Alexander Graham Bell patents the first telephone. Significance
This invention was the begining of constant communication and contact to one's social network. -
Indian Massacres
Late 1800's
Description
Many massacres of Native American as a result of US government assuming all rights to land and sets up reservations giving the Native Americans the worst land. Significance
With no valuable land to live on and growing weaker from attacks from the whites, Native Americans became very poor and much of their culture has died away as a result of this. -
Separate but Equal
Description
Supreme Court rules "separate but equal" legal. This new law justified systems of segregation. -
Wright Brothers
Description
The Wright brothers created the first to invent controlled flight but the second to fly. The first was a man form New Zealand Significance
THE BEGINING OF FLIGHT!
They were the first to invent controlled flight but the second to fly. The first was a man form NZ -
Panama Canal completed
1880-1914 Description
A 51 mile ship canal in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. Significance
Made it no longer necessary for ships to sail the long Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America and to navigate the dangerous waters of the Strait of Magellan. -
WWI Begins
1914-1918 Description
Between the British Empire, France, Russia, and the US (staying neutral until 1917) and Germany, Austria- Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. Significance
Ended some of the Nations that were on the losing side of the war. Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire were no longer nations. There were huge reparations required from Germany to the victors which were a leading cause to WWII. -
League of Nations
Description
The first international organization whose goal is to maintain peace between nations. Treaties included labour conditions, just treatment of native inhabitants, human and drug trafficking, arms trade, global health, prisoners of war, and protection of minorities in Europe. Significance
After the First World War, many of the world's leading nations came together to promote world peace and prevent violent outcomes. -
18th Amendment
Description
Except for medical and religious needs, America established prohibition. A high demand for alcohol continues and producers, sellers, transporters, and consumers were prosecuted by the law. The 18th Amendment was repealed in 1933.
Significance
Establishing prohibition did not stop people from drinking: in fact it heightened the demand. It could be argued that by legalizing particular drugs, the violence and high demand for them would increase. -
19th Amendment
Description
The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote. This came about with the Women's Suffrage Movement which was argued at state and national level. The text was drafted by both Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Significance
Women were finally considered equals with men. This was a huge step towards gender equality and helped the empowerment of many women. We became a leading example for the rest of the world. -
1st Fascist State
Description
Italy becomes the 1st fascist state. Benito Mussolini ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 1922 to 1943 and ruled by the ideology of National Fascist Party.
Fascism is a radical authoritarian nationalist political identity. It creates a strong identity based on hard work and makes individuals unite under one nation through culture and ancestry. -
President Herbert Hoover
1929-1933 Description
Was elected the 31st president of the United States. Hoover won the 1928 election easily even though he had no previous elected office experience. Significance
He was a trained engeneer and he supported the Efficiency Movement which worked to solve governmental and economic problems with inefficiency and waste. -
Stock Market Crash
Description
It was called the Great Crash and the Wall Street Crash of 1929. It was the most devastating stock market crash the US has ever experienced. Significance
The crash triggared the beginning of the 18-year long Great Depression which did not end in the US until after WWII in 1947. -
Worldwide depression
Description
Also known as the the Great Dipression, it was the most widespread and longest depression in the 1930's and 1940's. It started with the stock market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday) and quickly spread worldwide. For some countries it ended in the 1940's Significance
Unimployment rose up to 25% in the Unites States and in other countries it went up to almost 33%. This time period is a good example of how bad our ecenomic situation can get. -
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Description
FDR is elected president and remains in office from 1933-1945. He was the only American president elected to more than two terms. He was an outstanding leader in hard times of ecenomic crisis and world war. In his first hundred days in office, FDR put in place a system called the New Deal wich issued government jobs and relief for those unimployed. Significance
Roosevelt was a leading figure in the redevelopment of the United States and camanded our nation in terrible times. -
Adolf Hitler
Description
Adolf Hitler becomes Chansellor of Germany. From this poin, Hitler had great power as a political leader over Germany. Significance
Hitler later leades Nazi Germany towards the rise of fascism in Europe, World War II, and the Holocaust. -
World War II Begins
Description
Germany invades Poland to begin the war and quickly defeats them in their first battle Battle of the Bzura. The war was between the British Empire, the Soviet Union, France, Poland, and the US. FDR recognized Hitler as a significant agressor and so the US was envolved form the beginning by supporting the alies with weapons, oil, etc. They fought against Germany, Japan, and Italy.
The war ended 1949 with the defeat of Hitler and Nazi Germany. -
Perl Harbor
Description
During the the war, the US stopped supplying oil to Japan which afected them greatly, expecially at a time of war when oil is crutial to run large embargoes. Japan got ticked off and bombed Perl Harbor, the headquarters of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, located on the island of Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi. Significance
This was the desiding event that convinced the US that WWII was worth joining. -
D-Day
Description
The attack on Normandy It was the largest invasion force in history that also covered land and water. (Saving Private Ryan) -
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Description
Japan was still fighting ferociously with the US and so to the Us dropped and atomic bombs Japan, fist over Hiroshima and a month later over Nagasaki . SIgnificance
This essentially ends WWII. The known caualties were 90,000–166,000 killed in Hiroshima, and
60,000–80,000 killed in Nagasaki. -
Cold War
Description
After WWII there were two huge superpowers; the US and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union with a communist political influence and the United States not a fan of communism and instead a very capitalist country. The cold war wasnt a real war, no bullets were actually fired between the Soviets and the US, it was more of a war of propaganda with threats of atomic bombs and misstles- the Cubin Missile Crisis (President Kennedy). It was a game of chicken that ended in 1953. -
Korean war
Description
Part of the Cold War. The North Koreans invade South Korea, starting the war, which was mostly the cause of political divide between Korea. The US and the United Nations (of twenty supporting nations) were supporting the South and China and the Soviets were supporting the North. The war lasted three years, with no real conclusive victor. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Description
Blacks boycott buses in Montgomery Alabama as a protest against racial segrigation on the public transport. Many Civil Rights Movement activists were involved one of them being Martin Luther. Significance
The boycott was a huge upset to the public bussing system because the black population was the bulk of the systems paying customers. It lasted from Dec. 1st to Dec. 20, 1956 when the United States Supreme Court decided that segrigated busses were unconstitutional. -
Space Race
1057-1069
Description
Both the US and the Soviets had the tequnilogical advancments that lead to a space race- who could reach outer space first. It was the Soviets who launched the first artificial Satilite around the earth - Sputnik 1 and and the 2 (with dog). -
President JFK
Description
John F Kennedy is elected the 35th President of the United States serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. Kennedy is the only Catholic president. Events during his presidency included the Bay of Pigs, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Space Race, the African American Civil Rights Movement, and early stages of the Vietnam War. -
Civil Rights movement
Description
This was a worldwide political movement for equality and justice before the law. Change was achieved by nonviolienct forms of resistance. The movement came to national prominence from the mid 1950's - 1980. Significance
The long and tenuous process was well worth it because it did lead many countries to improvement of legal rights and previously oppressed groups of people. -
Vietnam War
Description
Communism comes to power in North Vietnam. The US is threatened by this and seds "advisores" to prevent the spread of Communism to South Vietnam. In 1965 the first combat troops are sent from the US. Significance
This was the first war in American history that we ultimitely lost although many patriots believe it was undecided. In the end, the US leaves in 1975 and Vietnam remains a Communist nation. -
Apollo 11
Descriptipn
The first peoole to land on the moon, Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin, and Michael Collins. The three astronauts returned to Earth on July 24, landing in the Pacific Ocean. They brought back 47.5 pounds of lunar rocks. Significance
The US achieved it's goal of reaching the moon before the Soviet Union by the end of the 1960's. Six additional Apollo missions flew to the Moon and five landed between 1969 and 1972. -
President Richard Nixon
1969-1973
Description
Nixon was the 34th vice president under Dwight D. Eisenhower and the 37th president of the United States. He was the only president in history to resign from office. -
EPA Established
Description
The EPA, Environmental Protection Agency, is was established to enforce Clean Air Act which regulates all forms of air polution and protecting human and environmental health. Significance
Without regulations like those from EPA, there would be more devistating environmental issues today. It is important that we continue to put in place strict regulations to prevent damage to the environmen like to today's problem with Fracking. -
Endangered Species Act
Description
The first act happened in 1969 and ended after four years. It was soon replaced by the 1973 act and is managed by two federal agencies, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Significance
In the late 1900's, we begin to see more environmenal awareness. -
President Ronald Reagan
1981-1989
Description
Reagan was the 40th President of the US. -
Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
Description
This act allowed gambling on reservations and was established by the US federal law. There was no federal gaming structure before this act. Significance
This act enables gaming to be a way of creating revenue for Indian tribes.
