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Spheres of influence
spheres of influence are always significant because they give an external group or institution power or authority in a foreign territory.The Spheres of Influence in China was when different European nations had control over prosperous Chinese ports and had control of trade in that region disregarding the rights of the Chinese people.Rather than establishing colonies, they could preserve the old culture there. they could trade for goods that were needed a lot and not have to conquer people for it -
Anti-Imperialist League
The anti-imperialist league formed to fight U.S. annexation of the Philippines, citing a variety of reasons ranging from the economic to the legal to the racial to the moral. It was to oppose the war of the United States with Spain over Cuba's fight for independence from Spanish rule. The United States also wished to expand its influence in the Caribbean and across the Pacific and so annexed the Philippine Islands and Puerto Rico. -
Open Door Policy
It was significant in its attempt by the United States to establish an international protocol of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and to support China's territorial and administrative integrity.The Open Door Policy allowed the countries to distribute their goods across different continents and also sell to other spheres of influence that were currently in China. Each country that had a so-called “sphere of influence” in China had their economy rise to a high peak. -
Platt Amendment
The Platt Amendment stipulated the conditions for U.S. intervention in Cuban affairs and permitted the United States to lease or buy lands for the purpose of the establishing naval bases (the main one was Guantánamo Bay) and coaling stations in Cuba.The Platt Amendment's conditions prohibited the Cuban Government from entering into any international treaty that would compromise Cuban independence or allow foreign powers to use the island for military purposes. -
Socialist Party of America
It is a democratic socialist and social democratic political party in the United States formed by merger between the 3 y/r social Democratic Party and nonsocialist Labor Party of America that split. Self-described as opposing all forms of oppression,capitalism and authoritarian forms of communism the party advocates for the creation of a "radical democracy that places people's lives under their own control",a Non-racist,classless,feminist, socialist society" in which "the people own and control -
Newlands Reclamation Act
The fund is provided to arid lands of Western America. This Act aims to provide financial backing to farmers who are unable to carry out their irrigation due to financial constraints.The act set aside money from sales of semi-arid public lands for the construction and maintenance of irrigation projects. The newly irrigated land would be sold and money would be put into a revolving fund that supported more such projects. This led to the eventual damming of nearly every major western river. -
Russo-Japanese War
As a result, the Russian Empire and Tsar Nicholas II lost considerable prestige, along with two of their three naval fleets.In the resulting Treaty of Portsmouth, Japan gained control of the Liaodong Peninsula (and Port Arthur) and the South Manchurian Railway (which led to Port Arthur) as well as half of Sakhalin Island. Russia agreed to evacuate southern Manchuria, which was restored to China, and Japan's control of Korea was recognized. -
The Jungle
His description of diseased, rotten, and contaminated meat shocked the public and led to new federal food safety laws. The Jungle was Upton Sinclair's infamous 1906 novel that was a story that brought to light the problems in the meat industry. It was tied to the rise of the Progressive Era was all about getting the government more involved with society problems instead of letting society take care of itself through natural selection. -
Meat Inspection Act
The Meat Inspection Act of 1906 was a piece of U.S. legislation, that prohibited the sale of adulterated or misbranded livestock and derived products as food and ensured sanitary slaughtering and processing of livestock.The Effects of the Pure Food and Drug Act: Assured the American people that the federal government were taking significant steps to pass laws to improve the general health and welfare of the public and stop the unsafe and unhygienic practices of the Meat Processing companies. -
Pure Food & Drug Act
Its main purpose was to ban foreign and interstate traffic in adulterated or mislabeled food and drug products, and it directed the U.S. Bureau of Chemistry to inspect products and refer offenders to prosecutors.A United States federal law that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines. -
NAACP
Founded in 1909, the NAACP is the nation's oldest civil rights organization. The association led the black civil rights struggle in fighting injustices such as the denial of voting rights, racial violence, discrimination in employment, and segregated public facilities.The NAACP played an important role in helping end segregation in the United States. Among its most significant achievements was the NAACP Legal Defense Fund's challenge to end segregation in public schools. -
Triangle Shirtwaist fire
It killed 146 people, mostly women. They died because the doors were locked and the windows were too high for them to get to the ground. Dramatized the poor working conditions and let to federal regulations to protect workers.. It revealed that most Americans cared very little for black workers. It revealed how abusive factory working conditions could be. -
Bull Moose Party
Both Taft and Democratic nominee Woodrow Wilson suspended their own campaigning until Roosevelt recovered and resumed his. When asked if the shooting would affect his election campaign, he said to the reporter "I'm fit as a bull moose", which inspired the party's emblem.The platform asserted that "to dissolve the unholy alliance between corrupt business and corrupt politics is the first task of the statesmanship of the day". -
16th Amendment
It played a central role in building up the powerful American federal government of the twentieth century by making it possible to enact a modern, nationwide income tax. The income tax would become by far the federal government's largest source of revenue. It was passed because many people believed that an income tax would provide a more stable source of income than tariffs but such a tax could not be imposed because the Supreme Court had ruled in Pollock v. -
17th Amendment
The 17th amendment is important because it actually broke the United States Government and broke the balance of power between the federal government and the state governments by requiring the direct election of Senators.This amendment protects a citizen's rights by allowing them to elect their own senators as opposed to the legislature electing them, as was the original law. -
Federal Reserve Act
The Federal Reserve Act was enacted in response to a series of financial crises.The intent of the act was to create a degree of financial stability. The act empowers the Fed to regulate and supervise banks and to develop and implement monetary policy.The Federal Reserve Act is U.S. legislation that created the current Federal Reserve System. Congress developed the Federal Reserve Act to establish economic stability in the United States by introducing a central bank to oversee monetary policy. -
Clayton Antitrust Act
The Clayton Antitrust Act is a piece of legislation passed by the US Congress,The act defines unethical business practices, such as price-fixing and monopolies, and upholds rights of labor.It was drafted by HenryClayton.The Clayton Act declared that unions were not unlawful under the Sherman Anti-Trust provisions, and workers compensation bills were passed in most states.The act continued to benefit workers in later years, serving as the basis forpro-labor legislation against large corporations. -
Panama Canal
President Theodore Roosevelt oversaw the realization of a long-term United States goal—a trans-isthmian canal. American and British leaders and businessmen wanted to ship goods quickly and cheaply between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.The Panama Canal was built to reduce the distance that ships had to travel to pass between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The canal allows shippers of commercial goods save time and money, which, generally speaking, means lower consumer prices. -
Federal Trade Commission
its purpose was to prevent unfair methods of competition in commerce as part of the battle to “bust the trusts.” Congress passed additional laws giving the agency greater authority to police anticompetitive practices.It enforces a variety of antitrust and consumer protection laws affecting virtually every area of commerce, with some exceptions concerning banks, insurance companies, non-profits, transportation and communications common carriers, air carriers, and some other entities. -
Zimmerman telegram
Zimmermann Telegram published in United States. In the telegram, intercepted and deciphered by British intelligence.Zimmermann instructed the ambassador, Count Johann von Bernstorff, to offer significant financial aid to Mexico if it agreed to enter any future U.S-German conflict as a German ally.The telegram said that if Germany went to war with the United States, Germany promised to help Mexico recover the territory it had lost , including Texas, New Mexico, California, and Arizona. -
Jones Act
The Jones Act has jurisdiction over vessels transporting goods between domestic ports, and these vessels must be owned, built and crewed by Americans.Therefore, the Jones Act plays an important role in sustaining the American maritime industry. It was an Act of the United States Congress, signed by President Woodrow Wilson on March 2 -
Selective Service Act
The sss oversees the legal requirement that all men between ages 18 and 25 living in the U.S. register for the draft, should it be declared necessary, and maintains no-cost agreements with organizations that offer conscientious objectors alternate forms of service to the nation.The act required all men in the U.S. between the ages of 21 and 30 to register for military service. Within a few months, some 10 million men across the country had registered in response to the military draft. -
Espionage Act
The piece of legislation gave postal officials the authority to ban newspapers and magazines from the mails and threatened individuals convicted of obstructing the draft with $10,000 fines and 20 years in jail.Congress passed the Espionage Act in an attempt to block the expression of views harmful to the United States. It was amended and strengthened one year later by the Sedition Act United States the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the Espionage Act did not violate freedom of speech. -
War Industry Board
In order to forestall this thinly veiled censure, President Woodrow Wilson, on 4 March 1918, appointed Bernard M. Baruch as chairman of the War Industries Board and greatly augmented its powers.
The WIB achieved greater economic efficiency through the rationalization of industrial practices.The WIB coordinate and channel production in the United States by setting priorities, fixing prices, and standardizing products to support the war efforts of the United States and its allies. -
Fourteen Points
the Fourteen Points constituted the only statement by any of the belligerents of their war aims.They became the basis for German surrender, and the criteria judge the peace treaty. Woodrow Wilson made his Fourteen Points with the goal of preventing future wars. Clearly, when viewed in this light, they were a complete failure. That is what his Fourteen Points were the blueprint for. However, the European powers and the United States Senate did not share this lofty sense of idealism. -
National War Labor Board
The National War Labor Board was authorized in March 1918 for the purpose of preventing strikes that would disrupt production in war industries. The first appointments were made the next month.In the 1800s, both strikes and the violent tactics used to end them, were common. Needless to say, the worker-management relationship was tenuous, just like it might be at times with your supervisor. -
Sedition Act
Aimed at socialists, pacifists and other anti-war activists, the Sedition Act imposed harsh penalties on anyone found guilty of making false statements that interfered with the prosecution of the war; insulting or abusing the U.S. government, the flag, the Constitution or the military; agitating against the production .The Republican minority in Congress complained that the Sedition Act violated the First Amendment to the Constitution, which protected freedom of speech and freedom of the press. -
Treaty of Versailles
Germany was required to accept responsibility for causing all the damage of the war that was imposed upon by the aggression of Germany and to pay an unspecified amount of money in reparations.(1) The surrender of all German colonies as League of Nations mandates. (2) The return of Alsace-Lorraine to France. (3) Cession of Eupen-Malmedy to Belgium, Memel to Lithuania, the Hultschin district to Czechoslovakia. (4) Poznania, parts of East Prussia and Upper Silesia to Poland. -
League of Nations
International organization promote world peace but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany.Germany was not allowed to join the League in 1919. Russia was also not allowed to join as in 1917. Structure- It required a unanimous vote of nine, later fifteen, Council members to enact a resolution; in this case effective action was very difficult. -
Dust bowl
The Dust Bowl resulted from years of unsustainable agriculture that
ruin and destroy grasslands.The lessons learned from the Dust Bowl are as important today as they were in the. population continues to grow, so does the demand for food and fiber. The Dust Bowl was one of the worst environmental crises to strike North America. Severe drought and wind erosion ravaged the Great Plains for a decade.he dust and sand storms degraded soil productivity, harmed human health, and damaged air quality. -
Civilian Conservation Corp.
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal proved to be the Civilian Conservation Corps. he program's goal was to conserve the country's natural resources while providing jobs for young men.The Civilian Conservation Corps was one of the most successful New Deal programs of the Great Depression. It existed for fewer than 10 years, but left a legacy of strong, handsome roads, bridges, and buildings throughout the United States. Between 1933 and 1941, more than 3,000,000 men served in the CCC. -
Tennessee Valley Authority
One such agency was the Tennessee Valley Authority, which was created The TVA aimed to help reduce these problems by teaching better farming methods, and building dams. This agency was also important because it generated and sold surplus electricity, created jobs and conserve water powersupported the TVA as part of his first New Deal measures approved by Congress his new agency was designed to help control floods, produce electric power, and help lives of people living in the Tennessee Valley. -
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
Within six months of the creation of the FDIC, 97% of all commercial bank deposits were covered by insurance. The FDIC has been a successful institution because it solved a well-defined problemuncertainty about the solvency of the banks.The FDIC was created by the 1933 Glass-Steagall Act. Its goal was to prevent bank failures during the Great Depression. A few bank failures had snowballed into a banking panic. Many banks had invested depositors' funds in the stock market, which crashed in 1929. -
1st Hundred Days
The first 100 days produced the Farm Security Act to raise farm incomes by raising the prices farmers received, which was achieved by reducing total farm output. The Agricultural Adjustment Act created the Agricultural Adjustment Administration .Roosevelt coined the term first 100 days radio address. 13 laws were enacted. the first 100 days of a presidential term has taken on symbolic significance, and the period is considered a benchmark to measure the early success of a president. -
21st Amendment
Several states outlawed the manufacture or sale of alcohol within their own borders.This was a major reason the 21st Amendment was passed -- in 1933, the country was in the middle of the Great Depression, and the government needed money from taxes on alcohol. So, a positive effect of the 21st Amendment was that it stimulated the economy and provided the government with much-needed tax revenue. -
Securities & Exchange Commission
The U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has a three-part mission: Protect investors. Maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets. Facilitate capital formation.The SEC gives investors confidence in the U.S. stock market. That's critical to the strong functioning of the U.S. economy. It does this by providing transparency into the financial workings of U.S. companies. It makes sure investors can get accurate and consistent information about corporate profitability. -
Wagner Act
It provided, for the first time, federal support for unions. Because of this, union membership increased dramatically after 1935. The United Mine Workers, for example, experienced a membership jump from 150,000 to half a million within one year. The Wagner Act or the National Labor Relations Act was very successful. It was passed in 1935 and people were now being allowed to form unions and go on strikes for any un-fair actions that on the employer. -
Social Security Act
It established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped. Social Security was intended to withdraw older Americans from the work force to free up jobs for younger workers and ensure that buying power would remain strong in times of high unemployment -
Quarantine Speech
By giving this speech, Roosevelt signaled his desire to shift from the traditional US Policy of non-interference in wars, and adopt a more aggressive stance. He did not specifically mention which 'aggressors' he referred to in his speech, but it was an hidden message to Japan, Germany, and Italy. He specifically highlighted the importance of international treaties in maintaining world peace. He also warned his citizens that they could not remain mute and expect to stay calm
about effects of war -
Manhattan Project
The significance of the Manhattan Project was that it put an end to WWII by using weapons of mass destruction and forced Japan to surrender.The Manhattan Project was the American program for researching and developing the first atomic bombs. The weapons produced were based solely upon the principles of nuclear fission of uranium 235 and plutonium 239, chain reactions liberating immense amounts of destructive heat energy. -
Holocaust
The Holocaust was a genocide led by Adolf Hitler after he came to power in Germany. The Holocaust began in 1933 and ended in 1945 when the Nazis were defeated by the Allied powers. Jews being targeted, Jehovah's witnesses, and the disabled were also targeted. The Jews were sent to camps. There were concentration, extermination, labor, prisoner-of-war, and transit camps. One of the first concentration camps was in Dachau and it opened on March 20, 1933. -
Four Freedoms Speech
As America entered the war these “four freedoms” the freedom of speech, the freedom of worship, the freedom from want, and the freedom from fear symbolized America's war aims and gave hope in the following years to a warpeople bc of fight for freedom.Freedom from fear means that no one should be in fear of their government, its armed forces, police who act undemocratically, or even their neighbors. Pervasive fear can “cut generations out of society” through sending
children to school. -
Lend-Lease Act
Enacted by Congress in 1941 the Lend-Lease Act empowered the president to sell, transfer, lend, or lease war supplies—such as equipment, food, and weapons—to American allies during world war ii.The lend-lease program provided for military aid to any country whose defense was vital to the security of the United States. The plan thus gave Roosevelt the power to lend arms to Britain with the understanding that, after the war, America would be paid back in kind. -
Oil & steel embargo (Japan)
US freezes Japanese assets. On this day ,FDR seizes all Japanese assets in the United States in retaliation for the Japanese occupation of French Indo-China.Japan lost access to three-fourths of its overseas trade and 88% of its imported oil.Hitler invaded Russia,Japan moved into southern Indochina. FDR ordered all Japanese assets frozen. But FDR did not want to cut off oil. As he told his Cabinet, an embargo that would force oil-starved Japan to seize the oil fields of the Dutch East Indies. -
Atlantic Charter
The Atlantic Charter was an agreement signed between American President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, outlining their plan for the post-war world.That would be America's role, to defend freedom by helping supply democratic nations at war.It respect the right of peoples to choose the regime of government under which they are to live, wishing that sovereign rights and independence be restored to the people who have been forcibly deprived of those rights. -
Pearl Harbor attack
The significance of Pearl Harbor is it reminded Americans of what they loved and what they most hold dear. It gave them a reason to fight for their lives and their freedoms. It reminded them that others give their all to give them what they have. Pearl Harbor was a symbol of America's survival, of America's hope.The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise, military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service targeted at the US against the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu. -
War Production Board
Its purpose was to regulate the production of materials during World War II in the United States.The WPB ensured that each factory received the materials it needed to produce the most war goods in the shortest time.Americans saw an increase in manufacturing during the War of 1812 because the war cut them off from their previous supply of imported manufactured goods. With imports cut off, the Americans had to make their own manufactured goods. This led to an increase in American manufacturing. -
Battle of Midway
The U.S. Navy's decisive victory in the air-sea battle (June 3-6, 1942) and its successful defense of the major base located at Midway Island dashed Japan's hopes of neutralizing the United States as a naval power and effectively turned the tide of World War II in the Pacific.Code-breakers were able to decipher Japanese naval code, allowing American leaders to anticipate Japanese maneuvers. The U.S. Navy was then able to launch a surprise attack on the larger Japanese fleet in the area. -
Office of War Info.
Its purpose was to centralize the many information services of the United States government and create a single line of communication about the war to the American public.Through radio broadcasts, newspapers, posters, photographs, films and other forms of media, the OWI was the connection between the battlefront and civilian communities. The office also established several overseas branches, which launched a large-scale information and propaganda campaign abroad. -
Braceros program
Initiated because of farm labor shortages caused by American entry into World War II, the bracero program brought Mexican workers to replace American workers dislocated by the war.The Bracero Program was a massive guest worker program that allowed over four million Mexican workers to migrate and work temporarily in the United States from 1942 to 1964. Wages were specified by contract, along with other worker benefits.
