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Fort Sumter was one of the two Union forts still under federal jurisdiction in the South. The South didn't like this at all. They wanted the fort evacuated but the North refused. On April 12th at 4:30 the South opened fire on the fort. The Union finally surrendered and evacuated the fort the next day, starting the Civil War.
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The Battle of Bull Run was also called the Battle of Manassas. This battle was also fought in Virginia. This battle ended in a confederate victory. There was 3,000 union deaths and only 1,750 confederate deaths. Union General Mcdowell retreated. Lincoln felt that he wasn't that great of a General and replaced him with General McClellan.
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Lincoln named George B. McClellan to replace the aging Winfield Scott as general in chief of all Union armies. The West-Point educated McClellan been called to Washington after Union;s defeat at Bull Run. Johnston pulled his troops from Yorktown to Richmond. McClellan backed off his army retreated to harrison's landing on James River.
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This battle was fought in Virginia, and it began a new era in naval warfare. Hampton roads was an indecisive battle.
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Confederate generals launched an attack on Ulysses S Grant's forces. But Confederates weren't able to hold their ground and were forced back. The Union taken Fort Henery and Fort Donelson. Both sides claimed victory the Union won.
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This battle was first battle of the Civil War fought on Northern soil. Antietam was the bloodiest battle of the Civil War and in American history. There was more then 22,000 casualties between the North and South. The Union won this battle, and this provided Lincoln the political cover he needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
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Lincoln appointedHenry Halleck new commander in chief of Union armies. Lee striked Pope's army before McClellan's army could join. Pope didnt want to assemble a large force so he sent smaller assaults on the Confederate positions. it was a decisive victory for the rebels.
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In this battle the Union had a lot of miscommunication which would not do them good. Lincoln thought McClellan couldn't handle being the head general anymore, so he replaced him. General Burnside was the new general for the north leading in this battle of Fredricksburg. The south won this battle. The North had 13.000 men lost and the south had fewer then 5,000. This Union defeat lead the union to have a new general.
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This battle started April 30th and ended May 6th. It was fought in the wilderness of Chancellorsville, Virginia. Union General Joseph Hooker Retreated across The Rappahack River. This battle obviously was a Confederate victory. Even though General Hooker had way more soldiers, Confederate General Lee had a better strategy and was a better General. This also was Lee's greatest defense victory.
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On July 1st through 3rd the battle of Gettysburg took place in PA. The Confederate army came to the North for supplies only to find the Union army already there. This battle was the bloodiest 3 day battle in the Civil War and American history. The Union was victorious in this battle. This battle turned the Civil War in the Unions favor.
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After a bunch of failed plans, Grant created an idea that enables him to take the city using high-ground approaches from east behind Confederate lines. Pemberton led his forces oit to link up with Johnston but Grant was heading westward. Pemberton surrendered the city on July 4.
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The battle of Chickamauga was fought on the banks of Chickamauga creek in Georgia. Union General Rosecrans retreated North, but Union General Thomas stayed with renforcements still fighting. The South ended up losing 20,000 troops while the North lost only 16,000. This made this battle the costliest in the war's western theater.
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President Abraham Lincolns memorable speech. Although this speech was only 272 words and about two to three minutes, it was a very well writen speech. It talked about how this war was very important for everyone and how it was the turning point of the war.
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after two days, Grant's army pf the Potomac to march south to get between Lee's army of Northern Virginia and Richmond. The regiments almost got to the center of the salient before Confederate artillery was able to get them back. The Union troops failed to break the Confederate lines.
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Lincoln appointed Grant as commander in chief of all Union armies in the civil war. The Union ans Confederate armies faced each other acrossed the Rapidan River. First day both sides ran into enemy camps and made prisoners. Second day Federals were able to hold their ground. Lee got to the crossroads town of Spotsylvania Courthouse first
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The end of August General Ulysses S. Grant crossed Petersburg- Weldon Railraod he captured Fort Harrison. Confederates were Ill-fed to physical exhaustion that immobilized the troops and they were driven back at Battle of Fort Stedman. Lee surrendered to General Grant on April 9 at Appomattox Court House.
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The union ship hit a mine and sank Hartford yelled "full speed ahead!" they fought at Mobile Bay. Tennesse surrendered. Sealing the Gulf coast from further blockade running.
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Sherman's troops captured Atlanta. Atlanta was a railroad hub also the industrial center of the Confederacy. The Confederate army headed west to Tennessee and Alabama and Attacked Union supply lines on the way. The Confederacy surrendered and the war was over.
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On April 14th John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln in the back of the head, After stabbing Rathbone then escaping horseback.
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At the Appomattox Court house, Virginia the confederates surrender to the Union. General Robert E. Lee was forced to surrender because General Ulysses S. Grant cut off his retreat. This was the ending of fighting, the ending of the Civil War.
