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Saint Benedict writes a book of rules/guidelines for those who lived in his monastery. The set of rules was then interpreted and widely spread throughout the 530's.
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Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great was crowned King of the Franks in 771. He's known for uniting most of western and central Europe, creating the Carolingian Empire.
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Oral Transmission was the first way people passed music down. Neumes were then created, which were symbols that helped track the rise and fall of melodies in relation to the text syllables. In the 10th and 11th centuries, diastemic notation was created where scribes placed neumes at different heights to show the sizes of intervals. Then Guido of Arezzo added a system where there was a line that signified an actual note (either C or F).
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They came from a book of antiphons that had melismas. Notker Balbulus used this technique to make Dies Irae.
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Italian music theorist known for his creation of "Guidonian Hand" which is the notation that led to the musical notation that we use today. It consisted of its own "sol feg syllables" ut queant laxis ut re mi fa sol la.
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Medieval poet-musicians who were one of the first groups to record vernacular songs.
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A woman of many talents including being a composer, philosopher, writer and visionary. One of the first women that we know of to be recognized for these talents. Best known for her sacred monophony.
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He was a professional trouvere that was very famous for his time. Many of his works still exist today.
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He was the first named composer who worked at Notre Dame as a poet and musician. He compiled the magnus liber organi.
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He was Leonin's student that edited the magnus liber organi to his own version of it. Well known for his Viderunt Omnes.
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This refers to the Medieval music of Europe during the High Middle Ages.
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The Cantigas are a collection of 420 poems. The most common types are the virelai and the rondeau. They were written in Galician-Portuguese.
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A music theory treatise from the mid 13th century written by Franco of Cologne.
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A medieval French poet and composer. He was very important in his musical influence in the 14th century.
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This refers to the 14th century history and culture of Italy.
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This is a 14th-century French allegorical verse romance of satirical bent, generally attributed to Gervais du Bus, a clerk at the French royal chancery.
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Refers to a musical style which flourished in France and the Burgundian Low Countries in the late Middle Ages.
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A treatise on music attributed to him which lent its name to the music of the entire era written by Philippe de Vitry.
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He was an Italian composer, organist, singer, poet and instrument maker. He was one of the most famous and revered composers of the second half of the 14th century, and by far the most famous composer in Italy.
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He was a Franco-Flemish composer of the early Renaissance. A central figure in the Burgundian School, he was regarded by his contemporaries as one of the leading composers in Europe in the mid-15th century.
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He was a composer from the Low Countries, one of the earliest members of the Burgundian school and one of the three most famous composers of the early 15th century.
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He was the most famous composer of the Franco-Flemish School in the last half of the 15th century, and is often considered the most influential composer between Guillaume Dufay and Josquin des Prez. In addition to being a renowned composer, he was also an honored singer, choirmaster, and teacher.
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This manuscript is made up mostly of settings of the Ordinary of the Mass and is arranged in sections so that different setting of the Gloria, Sanctus and so on, are grouped together.
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The L'homme Armé is a Burgundian School secular song from the time of the Late Middle Ages. Set in Dorian mode, it was the most popular tune used for musical settings of the Ordinary of the Mass: over 40 separate compositions entitled Missa L'homme armé survive from the period.
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This is a motet composed by Guillaume Dufay for the 25 March 1436 consecration of the Florence cathedral, on the occasion of the completion of the dome built under the instructions of Filippo Brunelleschi.
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He was a French composer of the Renaissance.
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This is a motet composed by Josquin des Prez. It is regarded as Josquin's most famous motet and one of the most famous pieces of the 15th century.
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This was an anthology of polyphonic secular songs published by Ottaviano Petrucci in 1501 in Venice. It was the first book of polyphonic music ever to be printed using movable type.
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Jacques Arcadelt's most single famous composition, and one of the most enduring of the entire 16th century, it was a four-voice madrigal that translates to "the white and gentle swan".
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This is a musical setting of the Ordinary of the Mass by Franco-Flemish composer Josquin des Prez, probably dating from around 1515, near the end of his life. Most likely his last mass, it is an extended fantasia on the Pange Lingua hymn, and is one of Josquin's most famous mass settings.
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This is a list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther, professor of moral theology at the University of Wittenberg, Germany.
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He was an Italian Renaissance composer of sacred music and the best-known 16th-century representative of the Roman School of musical composition. He had a long-lasting influence on the development of church and secular music in Europe, especially on the development of counterpoint, and his work is considered as the culmination of Renaissance polyphony.
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This was when Aristophanes attacked the music licenses of his times and ever since the eighteenth century the clash between tradition and experimentation has been idolized as a token of progress. This debate marks the peak in a series of 'incessant musical polemics' generated by changes in late sixteenth-century music theory. These, in turn, were rooted in the profound influence of Platonism in Italian culture.
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This was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation.
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This is a mass sine nomine by Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina. It is his best-known mass,
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This was a group of professional female singers in the late Renaissance court of Ferrara, Italy, renowned for their technical and artistic virtuosity. The ensemble was founded by Alfonso II, Duke of Ferrara.
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This was a group of professional female singers in the late Renaissance court of Ferrara, Italy, renowned for their technical and artistic virtuosity. The ensemble was founded by Alfonso II, Duke of Ferrara.
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In the Italian Renaissance this was a theatrical performance or spectacle with music and often dance, which was performed between the acts of a play to celebrate special occasions in Italian courts.
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An Italian rennaisance 5 voice piece composed by Luca Marenzio in 1599.
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This is an opera by Jacopo Peri. It is the earliest surviving opera and it recounts the story of the legendary musician Orpheus and his wife Euridice.
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This is a book of English madrigals, compiled and published in 1601 by Thomas Morley, which first edition has 25 pieces by 23 composers (Thomas Morley and Ellis Gibbons have two madrigals). It was said to have been made in the honor of Queen Elizabeth I.
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It is based on the Greek legend of Orpheus, and tells the story of his descent to Hades and his fruitless attempt to bring his dead bride Eurydice back to the living world. It was written in 1607 for a court performance during the annual Carnival at Mantua. While Jacopo Peri's Dafne is generally recognized as the first work in the opera genre
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He moved to Venice in 1613 having been appointed conductor at St. Mark's Basilica. Here he completed the last three of his nine volumes of madrigals.
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He was an Italian-born French composer, instrumentalist, and dancer who spent most of his life working in the court of Louis XIV of France. He is considered a master of the French Baroque style. Lully disavowed any Italian influence in French music of the period.
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This was the first public opera house when it opened in 1637 in Venice.
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This is an Italian opera by Claudio Monteverdi. It was Monteverdi's last opera, with a libretto by Giovanni Francesco Busenello, and was first performed at the Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo in Venice during the 1643 carnival season. One of the first operas to use historical events and people, it describes how Poppaea, mistress of the Roman emperor Nero, is able to achieve her ambition and be crowned empress.
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This is a ballet de cour with a libretto by Isaac de Benserade and music by Jean de Cambefort, Jean-Baptiste Boësset, Michel Lambert and possibly others, which premiered on February 23, 1653, at the Salle du Petit-Bourbon in Paris. It took 13 hours to perform and debuted fifteen year old Louis XIV as Apollo.
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She was born into a family of musicians and master instrument-makers in the parish of Saint-Louis-en-l'lle, Paris. A child prodigy, she received her initial musical education from her father and performed on the harpsichord at a young age before King Louis XIV.
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This is an opera by Jean-Baptiste Lully that was first performed on 15 February 1686 by the Paris Opera at the Theatre du Palais-Royal. The subject for the opera was chosen for Lully by King Louis XIV of France. However, the king would not attend the première or any of the following performances, possibly because Lully was involved in a homosexual scandal.