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North river steamboat
-North river steamboat
Trade= rapid transportation of goods
Transportation= wealthy would use it as form to travel in rivers
Environment= framers grew crops along river b/c it was easy to get them to markets near river forks & rapids
-Marine diesel engine -
new migration
-Irish : religious freedom, economic condition
-German : religious background difficulties, political differences
-Chinese : need work, gold rush
-most migrants lived mostly byt he west coast -
Morse code
-Samuel Morse invented the Morse code
-it made communication faster, you can send a message from coast to coast in mere mins
-it lead to telephone, fax machine and the internet & I phones
-built along RR tracks due to free land & heavy use by the RR company's -
William M Tweed
-they used dishonest politicians to gain control of new York city government
-support neighborhoods of new immigrants by giving them help & jobs
-immigrants in return with votes how boss tweed wanted
-controlled democratic party in new York city -
Cattle drive Era
-cattle drives started in Texas ended in the mid-west (Kansas or Nebraska) @ thee RR lines
-more beef was needed in the east coast due to the growing population in big cities like Chicago & NY
-new technology end the cattle drive it was called barbe wire -
homestead act
-the us gov wanted homesteaders to move out, to the plains so that they could achieve manifest destiny
-great plains, flat land & grassland
-ppl had the drive to own their own land, the american dream
-native Americans had 3 choices. they could assimilate, relocate or die -
Chinese exclusionary
-1st & only major legislation to suspend immigration of certain nationality
-in 1892 was renewed for another 10 years, in 1902 the ban became permanent
-american people were scared to fight for their jobs
-caused segregation of Asians from Americans and china towns -
first transcontinental railroad
-1st time Americans could travel freely from coast to coast
-markets expanded & cheaper distributions
-ppl moved to the east
-forced Indians off their land
-ended long cattle drives
-farmers had quick access tomarkets -
Nast cartoon about boss tweet
-boss tweed suspected of stealing millions of $$$ from city of N.Y
-nast used his character to help prosecute boss tweed for fraud
-before public outrage turned against him -
rise of labor unions
Purpose
-fought for wages & safer working conditions it stopped child labor
-gave health benefits & provides aid to works who were injured or retired actions
-unions rely on strike and boycott against co. sometime the strikes led to violence
-1st time African Americas were desecrate & allowed to join union -
Standard oil Company
-founded by john D. Rockefeller with associates
-after making major progress with his company, mode made his own transportation
-once retied, invested in charitable endeavors becoming a respected philanthropist
-invested 300 million to help create the university of Chicago and the rocker feller institute of medical research -
Gilded age and westward expanision
-the gilded age was an era of rapid economic growth, especially in the north and west. American wages, especially for skilled workers, were much higher than in Europe, which attracted millions of immigrants
-RR were the major industry, but the factory system, mining, and finance increased
-labor unions became important in industrial areas
-this time period is characterized by economic growth, widespread poverty, westward expansion, and political corruption -
Bessemer steel process
-the removal of impurities f/ iron
-the Bessemer process revolutionized steel production, DE-creasing coast
-the process mode steel 10x stronger than iron
-RR went further, building grew high due to strength &low cost of steel -
hay market riot
The Cause
-dangerous working conditions low wages
What Happened
-labor protest near Chicago's hay market square
-rally turned to riot after someone threw a bomb @ police
Result
-gov. imposed death sentence om 7 men & 8 were sentenced to 15 years in prison & 4 men were hanged -
Andrew Carnegie
-the Carnegie argument about the gospel of wealth is that rich people should be allowed to use their money to helpless "fit" people
-he created Bessemer process steel making his fortune in the steel industry, contravening the most extensive integrated iron -
full house
-to provide higher civic and social life
-locaed by ellen G.starr & jane addams
-both their leadership made women more politically in influenced
-had man power among men -
Ellis island
-some of the groups/ nationalities that arrived were southern Europeans
-immigrants had to preform physical and mental exanes to ensure there admittance
-doctors would check the immigrants for health problems -
homesteastrike
-frick sent 300 Pinkerton and met 10,000 strikes, a gun fight broke out till the national guard came to stop them
-carnage wanted to break the union, frick began locking the workers out of the plant
-government. supported monopolist -
Pull man strike
Causes
-manufacture of RR cars
-cut the a;ready low wages of it's workers abt. 25%, but did NOT introduce corresponding reduction intranets & other changes
Happened
-american RR way union striking
-small group 2600,000 joined
-refused to hitch cars
-refused to handle Pullmans car
Result
-federal injunction
-strikes & violent reactions ruined his rep. -
Angel island
is in San Francisco bay, immigrants processed one million Asian immigrants
-Chinese & Japanese immigrants
-requirements many Chinese immigrants were forced to prove they had an husband or father & were in good health
-many Chinese when they got there were sent to jail b/c his or she country was weak and poor -
Great migration
pull factors to north
-job opportunities
-voting was a right
Push Factors From South
-violence of hate work to survive /no jobs moved to Chicago, Detroit, new York, Pittsburgh migrating of new job opportunities blacks moved north to escape from oppressive conditions of the south like lynching, unfair legal system, inequality in education -
americanization day
-created to bring together new & old immigrants
-Americans viewed immigrants as a threat to Americans way of life
-immigrants were worried they wouldn't be accepted as Americans citizens