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Stream of Consciousness
First found in William James research titles, “ The Principles of Psychology (1923)”, the “Stream of Consciousness” describes a type of narration that describes events as in the flow of thought in the mind of a character. This is characterised by a lack of punctuation through narration. This technique gives the reader the impression that they are inside the mind of the character and thus, receive an internal view of the motivations along with deep characterization. -
Charles Darwin
Born Charles Robert Darwin, he was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist. His most recognisable piece of work is arguably the most important piece of literature in all of Biology: On The Origin Of Species: By Means Of Natural Selection. He contributed massively to the scientific community and was one of the most influential people of his time period, he rivaled the church and argued for science. -
Karl Marx
Born Karl Heinrich Marx, he was a German philosopher, revolutionary, historian and economist. His most recognisable piece of work is also the most influential socialist work of literature in history: The Comunist Manifesto. He viewed class relations and social conflict with a materialist interpretation of historical development. -
Sigmund Freud
He known as the founder of psychoanalysis with the purpose of unleashing repressed thoughts. In this realm, Freud developed his theories upon sexuality like the Oedipus Complex and through his analysis of dreams elaborated the theories of the unconscious with its different levels: id, ego and superego. His explorations upon the unconscious led to developments in art within surrealists, existentialist, modernist literature and all the studies of Carl Jung. -
Henri Matisse
Henri Matisse was a french painter who, through his artistic life, was deeply interested and influenced by the work of the post impressionist artist, their study of colour drove him to develop Fauvism were the artist
Keeps aspects of classical painting, like the composition and form but chose not local colour, adding more significance to the interpretation of the piece. This change would influence the work of German Expressionists as well as for other avant garde movements. -
Carl Jung
He was psychoanalist who expanded on Freud's studies of the unconscious, Jung’s studies centered on the relations of religion, history, art & literature through archetypes in the function of the individual unconscious and his conscious conducts. Jung’s archetypes and his study of the shadow changed the way in which we analyse introspective literature and with pieces like “The Gulag Archipelago” leading to the understanding of human evil and the eventual death of Modernism. -
Albert Einstien
He was a German theoretical physicist who did groundbreaking work on the field of physics. He developed the Theory of Relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics and had an astonishing impact on both physics and science philosophies. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. -
Pablo Picasso
Born Pablo Diego Jose Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso, he was a Spanish painter, sculptor, poet and playwright. He is considered one of the most influential artists of the 20th century and is one of the main creators of Cubism. He is characterised -
Ezra Pound
Born in 1885, Ezra Pound was an american poet that is responsible for defining and promoting modernism. In his own contributions to poetry their is his promulgation of “Imagism”, a poetic movement derived from classical Chinese an Japanese poetry where the focus in not on the composition of verses in the sequence of the metronome, but that in the sequence of a musical phrase. Ezra Pound died in 1972 in Venice while living in reclusion. -
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Born Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, he was an American author. His novels are key to the depiction of the Jazz Age through the use of flambouyance. His life, although successful, was not really the time when he would be truly critically acclaimed. After his death was when he gained the most recognition and became famous. His most important work to date is The Great Gatsby, which continues to be one of the most brillint pieces of literature of the time. -
Ernest Hemingway
Ernest Hemingway was an American writer and journalist. Born in 1899, Hemingway from his journalistic background brought about a new minimalist writing style exemplified in novels like “For Whom the Bells Toll” and “The Old Man and the Sea (1954 Nobel Prize)” with topics coming from his experiences as a Red Cross aid in WWI and as a journalist in the Spanish Civil War & WWII. After a long fight with alcoholism and depression, Hemingway comited suicide in 1962. -
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
This fire occurred in the Greenwich Village neighborhood in Manhattan. It was the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of New York City. Many workers who were trapped in the building leapt to their deaths and died during the fire. This tradegy brought widespread attention to the dangerous conditions that factory workers had to endure. -
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World War I
World War 1, known as “The Great War” started after the asasination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand In Sarajevo by Yugoslavian nationalist. The repercussions of this event led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel belonging the Allied powers or the Central Powers. In 1918 the war came to an end with the signature of The Treaty of Versailles. This conflict resulted in the fall of all continental empires in Europe, the rise of The USSR & the creation of the League of Nations. -
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The Red Summer of 1919
An african american teenager named Eugene Williams was stoned and drowned in Lake Michigan after he crossed an unofficial segregation line in the lake. The refusal by the police to arrest the perpetratours of said murder despite the existance of eye-witnesses sparked a week of rioting between black and white groups along with the police. In the end,15 whites and 23 blacks had died along with 500 people injured and 1000 black families that lost their homes when they were torched by rioters. -
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The Jazz Age
The Jazz Age came to be after the inmence disaster caused by The Great War & The Spanish Flu. In the 20s was filled with a sentiment of Carpe Diem, the war opened people to the horrors of life, so individuals only wanted to live again. Marked by the music of Louis Amstron and Duke Ellington, the Jazz age was known as a period without a moral compass; the rapid advance of technology, the post war sentiment and an stable economy contributed to a period of excess and fun. -
Scopes Trial
Also called Scopes Monkey Trial was a highly publicised trial of a Tenessee high-school teacher, John T. Scopes, who was charged with violating state law because he taught Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution. The trial helped bring scientific evidence into the public's knowledge and talking points. As an aftermath, the state of Tenessee prevented the teaching of evolution until the Butler Act's repeal in 1967. -
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The Stock Market Crash - The Great Depression
The Great Depression was the worst economic downtourn in the history of the world. It began with the stock market crash of October 1929, also known as the Great Crash. It occurred because of low wages, unliquidated bank loans and the proliferation of US debt and lead share prices on the New York Stock Exchange to collapse. This sent Wall Street into a panic and destroyed millions of investors. -
The Fair Labour Standards Act
The Fail Labour Standards Act / Wages and Hours Act is a federal law that established minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping and child labour regulation. It manages anything that affects full or part-time workers in the private sector and industires. It basically got factory workers more rights and safety in their workplace. -
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World War II
It started in 1939 after Prime Minister Chamberlain failed to prevent Nazi Germany invations. England & France declared War upon The Axis Powers after Operation Barbarossa erupted, The Soviet Union joined The Allies. In 1941 The US joined the war in Europe after Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor. The Red army took Berlin, the US took control of Okinawa and dropped two nuclear bombs in Japan, the war came to an end. This brought an end to Modernist philosophy and a rise of Postmodernism.
