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Period: 500 to 1450
Medieval Period
500 to 1450- Plain Chant -Mass -First notation system
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1025
Guido of Arezzo's formulation of the Solmization System
ca. 1025 to 1028.
He came up with syllables to help teach singers remember the pattern of hexachords.
Guidonian hand -
1098
Hildegard of Bingen
1098 to 1179
Known for her compositions and prophesies.
"Most prolific European composer before 1500" -
1320
Ars Nova Treatise
1291–1361
A written work attributed to Philippe de Vitry (1291–1361).
Centered on rhythmic and musical notation.
Questioned if double meter ("imperfect") should be allowed besides triple meter ("perfect.") -
1450
Renaissance Period
1450 to 1600 -
1529
Martin Luther Chorale Ein feste burg
(A Mighty Fortress..)
The best known chorale Martin Luther composed. -
1538
Arcadelt Madrigal Il bianco e dolce cigno
"The white and sweet swan."
One of the most famous early madrigals.
Homophonic texture. -
1567
Palestrina Pope Marcellus Mass
The significance of this work was that it saved polyphony and showed the Council of Trent ( 1545-1563) that the words could still be understood in a polyphonic work. -
Victoria Missa O magnum mysterium
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Period: to
Baroque
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Monteverdi's L'Orfeo
Monteverdi's fist opera which was about the Greek legend of Orpheus and Eurydice. He used heavy word-painting and seconda practica. -
First Public Concerts in England
The public concerts were an English invention. The first concert to the advertised was in London Gazette in 1672 -
Johann Sebastian Bach
1685 – 1750 -
Antonio Vivaldi's L’Estro Armonico
L’Estro Armonico was Vivaldi's first collection of concertos, it was published in Amsterdam in 1711. Bach transcribed six of the works in this collection and his interest in this collection led to the revival and discovery of Vivaldi's works. -
Rameau's Traité de l’harmonie
The Treatise of harmony was one of the most influential theoretical works, it was written by Jean-Philippe Rameau. His concepts became the main way of teaching harmony. -
Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier volume 1
A collection of 24 preludes and fugues which utilized all 12 major and minor keys. It explored the possibilities all all the well tempered keys. -
Franz Joseph Haydn
(1732 – 1809)
Haydn was at the service of the Hungarian prince Paul Anton Esterhazy for about thirty years. -
Handel's Messiah
Handel's most famous work. -
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
(1756 – 1791) -
Period: to
Viennese Classical Period
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Le Chevalier de Saint-Georges as director of Concerts des Amateurs
(1772 – 1781)
The Concert des Amateurs was one of the best orchestras in Europe. It was founded by private funds and the player were not professional performers. -
Mozart's Don Giovanni
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Haydn's Symphony No. 94 "Surprise"