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Mexican Revolution
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Porfirio Díaz's Presidency
President Juarez died on July 28th, 1872 opening a door to another leader. This leads to Porfirio Díaz becoming president. He continues to rule and there becomes a division between the upper and lower class. Farmers along with many others become slaves after their land and property are taken by the government. Others also worked hard and only earned small wages. -
Battle of Juárez
Rebel forces led by Francisco Madero invade Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. Generals Pasual Orozco and Pancho Villa also joined in on the fight as well. Together they tried to take over the town and they succeeded. With Díaz's loss, he signed the Treaty of Cuidad Juárez and was exiled to France. Subsequently, Madero becomes president. -
Madero's Presidency
Once Madero became president, he intends to rebuild Mexico. People became angry and believed he was not taking enough steps to move forward. They were also upset that he was not living up to his words he said during the Revolution movement. General Huerta and Diaz's nephew schemed together and arrested Madero. Madero was only in power for a little over two years before he was assasinated in 1913. -
Plan of Ayala
Shortly after Madero became president, he did not act upon his revolutionary ideas. Angrily, Emiliano Zapata, a central leader of the peasant revolt, created the Plan of Ayala to touch upon all that Madero had not acted upon. It began in Ayala where it was edited by Zapata's mother/schoolteacher. It also included points such as naming Orozco as the rightful leader of the Revolution and free elections once the country is secure. -
Orozco's Rebellion
On March 3rd, 1912 Orozco offically led a rebellion against Madero and his men. Orozco organized everything including his soldiers and accumulating weapons. When he attacked, Madero became worried and hired General Victonario Huerta. Huerta's men defeated Orozco's army and Orozco fled to the United States. He then came back months later. -
Plan of Guadalupe
The Plan of Guadalupe was created by Venustiano Carranza in May of 1913. It addressed laws that would help the Mexican society and the concept of overthrowing Huerta. This is because when Huerta rose to power it was considered unconstitutional. It also attracted many people and support began to grow. Consequently, Carranza then gained government power in 1914 after Huerta was exiled. -
David Alfaro Siquieros
Born December 29, 1896, David Alfaro Siquiero was a famous Mexican muralist. He painted murals and regular paintings of the revolution in Mexico, the affects of the revolution, and the slaving working class.One painting that was interesting was "Peasants" which shows the working class people as very poor, but also strong and hardworking. -
Battle of Trinidad
Villa gathered close to 20,000 horesemen and 6000 cavalrymen for a fight. They were fighting against Obregon's 9500 cavalrymen and 14500 infantry. Obregon lost his right arm in the battle on account of shell fire. Hill takes over for him and is subsequently injured as well. After constant bombardment, Villa was forced to retreat to the north. -
Villa Attacks Columbus, New Mexico
Villa was angry when the Americans denied his request to join him. He was even angrier when he learned that they were allying with his rivals. In his anger, he decided to attack Columbus, New Mexico, but this proved to be a poor tactical move on his part. He lost between 70 and 170 men in the battle or in the period directly after. After this battle, Villa decided to flee for a while. -
Pershing Expedition
The Pershing Expedition was a military response by the United States to the attack on Columbus. President Woodrow Wilson gave the orders to a General Pershing to hunt down Villa. Despite defeating many of Villa's forces in a series of skirmishes, Pershing could never find Villa. He returned to the United States a year later, his mission having been a failure. Pancho Villa had escaped. -
Attack on Chihuahua
Villa and his forces infiltrated the city of Chihuahua in September of 1916. They took a lot of loot from the city. Villa gave a very passionate speech. This gained him new recruits. He needed the recruits because he had just lost a lot of men earlier in the year at the Battle of Columbus. -
Carranza is Elected President
In 1917 Carranza was elected to be the President of Mexico. He served his term in office from 1917 until 1920 when he fled. While in office he did not accomplish all that much. This is partly due to Zapata. Carranza was under constant bombardment the entire time. -
The Death of Zapata
General Pablo Gonzalez ordered Colonel Jesus Guajardo to attack Zapata's forces in the mountains. Zapata sent a note to try to convince Guajardo to join him and go against Gonzalez, but the note was intercepted by Gonzalez. He used the note as a reason for Guajardo to infiltrate Zapata's forces and then kill him. That is what happened and Zapata was gunned down at a meeting that Guajardo called him to. -
Carranza Flees
Carranza flees to Veracruz taking five million in gold and silver. He also took ten thousand of his followers with him. Obregon tried to go after Carranza but he did not get him before he could get away to Veracruz. A train that had dynamite on it killed 200 people when it smashed into another train. Carranza and a few hundred men go into countryside and meet with Herrero, a guerilla leader. Herrero originally professes loyalty to Carranza but ends up murdering him while he was sleeping. -
Diego Rivera
Diego Rivera was born on December 8th, 1886. He is a famous muralist that created many murals showing his interpretation of the Mexican Revolution. One of his famous works is an oil painting called "The Flower Carrier." It shows a slave struggling to carry a bunch of flowers in his back. There is also a woman behind him trying to help out. This image shows the struggle of slaves during the Revolution and all the pain they endured.
