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Set of administrative and economic measures to strengthen the control of the monarchy over its territories. -
With the arrival of Philip V to the throne after the War of the Spanish Succession. -
The American Revolution was an epic political and military struggle waged between 1765 and 1783 when 13 of Britain's North American colonies rejected its imperial rule. The protest began in opposition to taxes levied without colonial representation by the British monarchy and Parliament. -
The French Revolution was a social and political conflict, with various periods of violence, which convulsed the France of the Ancien Regime, and other countries by extension of its implications. -
As part of the Bourbon Reforms, to improve the defense of the viceroyalty. -
Beginning of the Mexican War of Independence with the Grito de Dolores. -
The Constitution of Cádiz (La Constitución de 1812) was a groundbreaking Spanish constitution enacted on March 19, 1812, by the Cortes of Cádiz during the Napoleonic Wars. It was one of the earliest liberal constitutions in Europe and had a major influence on Spanish America, including Mexico. -
The Constitution of Apatzingán (officially called the Decreto Constitucional para la Libertad de la América Mexicana) was enacted on October 22, 1814, during Mexico’s war for independence from Spain. It was the first attempt at a constitutional government for Mexico. -
With the entry of the Trigarante Army to Mexico City. -
The Mexican Empire was a constitutional monarchy and the first independent government of Mexico. -
Mexican centralist government -
The Pastry War was a brief conflict between France and Mexico that took place from 1838 to 1839. It was also known as the first Franco-Mexican war or the first French intervention in Mexico. French citizens living in Mexico claimed that their investments and businesses were damaged during a period of political instability. -
First skirmish near the Rio Grande. Mexican forces attack a U.S. patrol in disputed territory, giving President James K. Polk a pretext for war. -
Mexico gave up 55% of its territory, including California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming -
Antonio López de Santa Anna sold more than 100 thousand square kilometers of territory to the United States -
The Mexican Empire or Second Mexican Empire (1864–1867) was the name of Mexico under a constitutional, hereditary monarchy declared by a Mexican Assembly of Notables in accordance with the interests of the French Empire, during the Second French intervention in Mexico. -
Opposition to Porfirio Díaz’s long dictatorship and fraudulent 1910 election.
Called for Mexicans to take up arms on November 20, 1910, marking the start of the Mexican Revolution. -
Dissatisfaction with Madero’s failure to fulfill agrarian reforms. Declared Madero a traitor, called for land redistribution, and supported armed rebellion. -
Victoriano Huerta’s coup and assassination of Madero. Rejected Huerta’s government and called for constitutional rule, with Venustiano Carranza leading the resistance. -
Opposition to Carranza’s attempts to impose his successor. Led to Carranza’s downfall and the rise of Álvaro Obregón.