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the complex and gradual process of disintegration of Roman political and military power in the West, culminating in the deposition of the last Western Roman emperor in 476 CE
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began in the Arabian Peninsula around 610 CE when the Prophet Muhammad received divine revelations from God (Allah), which form the basis of the Islamic holy book, the Quran
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a pivotal military clash in 732 AD where the Frankish army, led by Charles Martel, defeated a large invading Muslim army near Tours, France
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sudden, violent attacks by Scandinavian Norsemen, primarily in the Viking Age (late 8th to early 11th centuries), targeting undefended coastal settlements and monasteries for plunder
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Charlemagne became emperor on Christmas Day, 800 AD, when Pope Leo III crowned him "Emperor of the Romans" in Rome
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a pivotal battle where William of Normandy defeated King Harold II of England, resulting in death of Harold and the successful Norman conquest of England
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In 1215, Magna Carta was issued which demarcated the King's prerogative and the rights of the people. The King was subject to the law as per the document. it was made in 1215
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a long series of conflicts between England and France over control of the French crown
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a devastating 14th-century pandemic caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, which spread via infected fleas on rats and through airborne droplets
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the Ottoman conquest of the Byzantine capital on May 29, 1453, following a 55-day siege by Sultan Mehmed II's forces