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John Locke
Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence.[4] -
Period: to
McKenze's History of American Education
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Massachusettes Bay School Law
tradition of more formal schooling within each town. Although often times neglected, it required towns to publicly form and fund elementary schools. -
Deluder Satan Act
the first act of law that said kids had to go to school -
Christian Von Wolff
A founding father of, among other fields, economics and public administration as academic disciplines, he concentrated especially in these fields, giving advice on practical matters to people in government, and stressing the professional nature of university education -
New Englans Primer
textbooks in england that combined alphabet and bible -
Johan Pestalozzi
was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach. He founded several educational institutions both in German- and French-speaking regions of Switzerland and wrote many works explaining his revolutionary modern principles of education. His motto was "Learning by head, hand and heart". Thanks to Pestalozzi, illiteracy in 18th-century Switzerland was overcome almost completely by 1830. -
Period: to
French and Indian war
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kindergarten
Means Children garden.
traditionally based around playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. -
Friedrich Froebel
was a German pedagogue, a student of Pestalozzi who laid the foundation for modern education based on the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities. He created the concept of the “kindergarten” and also coined the word now used in German and English. He also developed the educational toys known as Froebel Gifts. -
Treaty Of Paris
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Young Ladies Academy
established in Philadelphia, he hoped to put his philosophy into practice. In his 1787 address to visitors at the Academy, Rush revealed both the philosophy behind his thinking about education for women and his view of women's nature and their place in American society. -
Constitutional Convention
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New England Primer
the first reading primer designed for the American Colonies. It became the most successful educational textbook published in 18th century America and it became the foundation of most schooling before the 1790s. -
Hotace Mann
American politician and educational reformer. A Whig devoted to promoting speedy modernization, he served in the Massachusetts State Legislature (1827–37). In 1848, after serving as Secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education since its creation, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives. Historian Ellwood P. Cubberley asserts: -
William Holmes McGuffey
college president that is best known for writing the McGuffey Readers, the first widely used series of textbooks. It is estimated that at least 122 million copies of McGuffey Readers were sold between 1836 and 1960, placing its sales in a category with the Bible and Webster's Dictionary. -
Catherine Beecher
was an American educator known for her forthright opinions on female education as well as her vehement support of the many benefits of the incorporation of kindergarten into children's education. -
Elizabeth Peabody
was an American educator who opened the first English-language kindergarten in the United States. Long before most educators, Peabody embraced the premise that children's play has intrinsic developmental and educational value. Peabody also served as the translator for the first English version of a Buddhist scripture which was published in 1844. -
Boston English High School
Boston, Massachusetts is one of the first public high schools in America, founded in 1821. Originally called The English Classical School, it was renamed The English High School upon its first relocation in 1824.[2] The current building is located in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston. -
Period: to
War of 1812
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Elizaveth Blackwell
was the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States, as well as the first woman on the UK Medical Register. She was the first woman to graduate from medical school, a pioneer in promoting the education of women in medicine in the United States, and a social and moral reformer in both the United States and in Britain. Her sister Emily was the third woman in the US to get a medical degree. -
Mcffeys Readers
A series of books prepared principally by William H. McGuffey, a midwestern teacher, and designed to teach reading to schoolchildren. The series began to appear in the 1830s. It was widely used in the nineteenth century and is still used by some schools today -
Dame School
was an early form of a private elementary school in English-speaking countries. They were usually taught by women and were often located in the home of the teacher. -
Noah Webster
American lexicographer, textbook pioneer, English-language spelling reformer, political writer, editor, and prolific author. He has been called the "Father of American Scholarship and Education." His blue-backed speller books taught five generations of American children how to spell and read, secularizing their education. According to Ellis (1979) he gave Americans "a secular catechism to the nation-state -
New York State Asylum for idiots
residential facility in Syracuse, New York for mentally disabled children and adults. Founded in 1851 in Albany, New York as the New York State Asylum for Idiots, acting upon a recommendation contained in the 1846 annual report of the New York State Asylum for Lunatics. The first director was Hervey B. Wilbur, a student of Edward Seguin (another of Seguin's students was Maria Montessori). -
Lincoln University
college's founding in 1854, "This was the first institution founded anywhere in the world to provide a higher education in the arts and sciences for youth of African descent." The University is a member-school of Thurgood Marshall College Fund. -
Booker T Washington
was an African-American educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community. Washington was of the last generation of black American leaders born into slavery and became the leading voice of the former slaves and their descendants, who were newly oppressed by disfranchisement and the Jim Crow discriminatory laws enacted in the post-Reconstruction Southern states in the late 19th and -
Alfred Binet
French psychologist who invented the first practical intelligence test, the Binet-Simon scale.[2] His principal goal was to identify students who needed special help in coping with the school curriculum. Along with his collaborator Théodore Simon, Binet published revisions of his intelligence scale in 1908 and 1911, the last appearing just before his death. -
National Teachers Association (NEA)
In 1857, one hundred educators answered a national call to unite as one voice in the cause of public education. At the time, learning to read and write was a luxury for most children—and a crime for many Black children. One hundred and fifty years later, public education and the profession of teaching are transformed. In 1966 we joined forces with the American Teachers Association. Since then, our voice has swelled to 3.2 million members, and what was once a privilege for a fortunate few is now -
John Dewey
American philosopher, psychologist, leading activist in the Georgist movement, and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey is one of the primary figures associated with the philosophy of pragmatism and is considered one of the founders of functional psychology. A well-known public intellectual, he was also a major voice of progressive education and liberalism.[2][3] Although Dewey is known best for his publications about education, he also wr -
Mount holyoke Female Seminary
Mount Holyoke has led the way in women's education. A model upon which many other women's colleges were patterned, it quickly became synonymous with brilliant teaching and academic excellence. In 1861 the three-year curriculum was expanded to four, and in 1893 the seminary curriculum was phased out and the institution's name was changed to Mount Holyoke College. -
Period: to
Civil War
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The first Morrril Act
Major boost higher in education. Was a grant -
Emancipation Proclimation
suitable persons among those freed could be enrolled into the paid service of United States' forces, and ordered the Union Army -
13th Amendment
abolished slavery -
Howard Univerity
Established in 1867, Howard University is a federally chartered, private, doctoral university, classified as a high research activity institution. With an enrollment of more than 10,000 students, its undergraduate, graduate, professional and joint degree programs span more than 120 areas of study within 13 schools and colleges -
14th Amendment
equal rights for citizens -
Maria Montessori
n Italian physician and educator best known for the philosophy of education that bears her name, and her writing on scientific pedagogy. Her educational method is in use today in some public and private schools throughout the world. -
Maria Montessori
was an Italian physician and educator best known for the philosophy of education that bears her name, and her writing on scientific pedagogy. Her educational method is in use today in some public and private schools throughout the world. -
American Association on INtellectual and Developmental disanlilites
American non-profit professional organization concerned with intellectual disability and related developmental disabilities. AAIDD has members in the United States and more than 50 other countries. -
carlisle Indian Industrial School
. Founded in 1879 by Captain Richard Henry Pratt under authority of the US federal government, Carlisle was the first federally funded off-reservation Indian boarding school. It was founded on the principle that Native Americans were the equals of European-Americans, and that Native American children immersed in mainstream Euro-American culture would learn skills to advance in society. -
committee of ten
a working group of educators that, in 1892, recommended the standardization of American high school curriculum. -
Plessy vs Ferguson
constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal." -
Jean Piaget
was a Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher known for his epistemological studies with children. His theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together called "genetic epistemology". Piaget placed great importance on the education of children. As the Director of the International Bureau of Education, he declared in 1934 that "only education is capable of saving our societies from possible collapse, whether violent, or gradual -
Lev Vgotskey
was a Soviet psychologist, the founder of a theory of human cultural and bio-social development commonly referred to as cultural-historical psychology, and leader of the Vygotsky Circle. Vygotsky's main work was in developmental psychology, and he proposed a theory of the development of higher cognitive functions in children that saw reasoning as emerging through practical activity in a social environment. During the earlier period of his career he argued that the development of reasoning was m -
Spanish American War
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American federal of teacher
American labor union that primarily represents teachers. Originally called the American Federation of Teachers and Students, the group was founded in 1900.[2][3] AFT periodically developed additional sub-groups for paraprofessionals and school-related personnel; local, state and federal employees; higher education faculty and staff, and nurses and other healthcare professionals within the organization. The AFT's affiliations include the trade union federation since its founding, the old America -
Joliet Junior College
Joliet Junior College was founded in 1901 by Joliet Township High School Superintendent J. Stanley Brown and President of the University of Chicago, William Rainey Harper. Brown, who came to Joliet in 1893, first served as the principal of the high school. Throughout his time in Joliet, Brown became a well-known supporter of higher education, and would often encourage his students to attend college after graduation. Unfortunately, many students did not attend college because it was too expensive -
Benjamin Bloom
was an American educational psychologist who made contributions to the classification of educational objectives and to the theory of mastery-learning. He also directed a research team which conducted a major investigation into the development of exceptional talent whose results are relevant to the question of eminence, exceptional achievement, and greatness.[1] In 1956, Bloom edited the first volume of Taxonomy of educational objectives: the classification of educational goals, which outlined a -
Period: to
World War 1
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Madeline C Hunter
as an American educator who developed a model for teaching and learning that was widely adopted by schools during the last quarter of the 20th century. She was named one of the hundred most influential women of the 20th century and one of the ten most influential in education by the Sierra Research Institute and the National Women's Hall of Fame. -
Progressive Education Association
During most of the twentieth century, the term "progressive education" has been used to describe ideas and practices that aim to make schools more effective agencies of a democratic society. Although there are numerous differences of style and emphasis among progressive educators, they share the conviction that democracy means active participation by all citizens in social, political and economic decisions that will affect their live -
Tennessee vs John Scopes
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Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT)
standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. It was first introduced in 1926, and its name and scoring have changed several times, being originally called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, then the Scholastic Assessment Test, then the SAT Reasoning Test, and now simply the SAT. The SAT is owned and published by the College Board, a private, nonprofit organization in the United States. It is developed and administered on behalf of the College Board by the Educational T -
Period: to
Great Depression
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Herbert R. Kohl
is an educator best known for his advocacy of progressive alternative education[2] and as the author of more than thirty books on education.[3] He founded the 1960s Open School movement[4] and is credited with coining the term "open classroom."[5] -
Period: to
World War 2
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GI Bill
law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as G.I.s). Benefits included low-cost mortgages, low-interest loans to start a business, cash payments of tuition and living expenses to attend university, high school or vocational education, as well as one year of unemployment compensation. -
National School Lucnch Act
every student gets a school lunch, at a low cost, free or regular priced lunch -
Truman Commission Report
President Harry S. Truman on the condition of higher education in the United States. The commission to write this report was established on July 13, 1946, and it was chaired by George F. Zook. The report is significant not only for its six-volume size but for the fact that it marks the first time in United States history that a President establishes a commission for the purposes of analyzing the country's system of education, a task typically left to the states as prescribed by the Tenth Amend -
Brown vs board of education
Topeka. That the seperation of black and whites for schooling was unconstitutional -
Ruby Bridges
is an American activist known for being the first black child to attend an all-white elementary school in the South.[1] She attended William Frantz Elementary School.[2][3] -
National defense Education Act NDEA
It was one of a suite of science initiatives inaugurated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1958 motivated to increase the technological sophistication and power of the United States alongside, for instance DARPA and NASA. It followed a growing national sense that U.S. scientists were falling behind scientists in the Soviet Union, catalyzed, arguably, by early Soviet success in the Space Race, notably the launch of the first-ever satellite, Sputnik, the previous year -
Latin Grammar School
This caused them to put their first major stress on secondary and higher learning. This stress caused the establishment of Latin Grammar Schools. In a further attempt to ease their fears of not having an educated ministry the Puritans founded Harvard College. In order to enter this college one has to pass an entrance exam which demanded that they knew how to read and speak Latin and Greek -
Period: to
Salem Witchcraft Trails
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Civil Rights act of 1964
landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States[5] that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.[6] It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public (known as "public accommodations"). Powers given to enforce the act were initially weak, but were supplemented during later years. Congress asserted its authority to legislate u -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was signed into law in 1965 by President Lyndon Baines Johnson, who believed that "full educational opportunity" should be "our first national goal." ESEA offered new grants to districts serving low-income students, federal grants for text and library books, it created special education centers, and created scholarships for low-income college students. Additionally, the law provided federal grants to state educational agencies to improve the qua -
Project Head Start
program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families. The program's services and resources are designed to foster stable family relationships, enhance children's physical and emotional well-being, and establish an environment to develop strong cognitive skills. The transition from preschool to elementary school imposes diverse develo -
Bilingual Educatin act
first piece of United States federal legislation that recognized the needs of Limited English Speaking Ability (LESA) students. The BEA was introduced in 1967 by Texas senator Ralph Yarborough and was later signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on January 2, 1968. As such, it was the first federal legislation signed into law in the 1968 calendar year. The bill was passed as Title VII, an amendment to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). -
Smith- Hughes act
United States Congress that promoted vocational agriculture to train people "who have entered upon or who are preparing to enter upon the work of the farm," and provided federal funds for this purpose. -
Indian Education Act
The 1972 Indian Education Act was the landmark legislation establishing a comprehensive approach to meeting the unique needs of American Indian and Alaska Native students. The unique aspects of the original authority have been retained through subsequent legislative reauthorizing statutes, with the latest revision occurring with the amendments made by the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), which reauthorized the program as Title VII Part A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. -
Title IX of education AMendemts
Girls can play sports -
Rehabilitation act
Civil rights law. It was the first civil rights legislation in the United States designed to protect individuals with disabilities from discrimination based on their disability status. -
Plyler v. Doe
was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States struck down a state statute denying funding for education to unauthorized immigrant children and simultaneously struck down a municipal school district's attempt to charge unauthorized immigrants an annual $1,000 tuition fee for each undocumented immigrant student to compensate for the lost state funding -
California Proposition 227
California ballot proposition passed in the June 2, 1998 ballot. According to Ballotpedia, "Proposition 227 changed the way that "Limited English Proficient" (LEP) students are taught in California. Specifically, it Requires California public schools to teach LEP students in special classes that are taught nearly all in English. This provision had the effect of eliminating "bilingual" classes in most cases.
Shortens the time most LEP students stay in special classes.
Proposition 227 eliminate -
no child left behind
is the most recent iteration of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA), the major federal law authorizing federal spending on programs to support K-12 schooling. ESEA is the largest source of federal spending on elementary and secondary education.