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The Chinese begin using fingerprints to mark important documents as well as sculptures.
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In the late 1800's scientists started to use the deceased's body temperature in order to try and determine their time of death.
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One "Bow Street Runner" (an early form of police force in London) studied a murder case extensively. I dentifying Mold Mark, and the Paper Patch of an old firearm in order to link the murder weapon to the crime and all of the guilty party being brought to justice.
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Sir Francis Galton began writing about the importance of fingerprints, as well as created a system in order to help classify and identify different fingerprint patterns.
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Karl Landsteiner, the Austrian Doctor, began differentiating the blood groups, allowing identification of blood possible and blood transfusions safe.
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Watson and Crick created the now accepted construction of the Double Helix molecular model of the DNA, first Identified by Friedrich Miescher in 1869
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Psychological profiling began to be used by the FBI
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DNA test were inveted by Alec Jefferys.