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The story of Linux began with the concept of Unix, a powerful and versatile operating system. However, Unix was expensive and proprietary, limiting its accessibility.
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The early development of the Linux kernel saw its distribution restricted by non-commercial licenses. However, a crucial decision was made to the Linux kernel in 1992 with the release of version 0.12. It was relicensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), marking a significant shift in Linux evolution.
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Debian, Slackware, and Red Hat Linux distributions are created, establishing foundational Linux distros still influential today.
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Linux kernel version 1.0.0 is released with about 176,000 lines of code. Linux starts gaining attention from hobbyists and developers worldwide.
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Tux the Penguin becomes the official Linux mascot.
June 1996: Linux kernel 2.0 released, supporting SMP (symmetric multiprocessing). -
IBM, Oracle, and other tech giants begin supporting Linux. Netscape releases its browser source code (becomes Mozilla), aligning with open-source movement.
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Major improvements in hardware support and networking. Linux becomes more widely adopted in servers and embedded systems.
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Enhanced scalability, better performance, and support for a wide range of hardware. Distros like Ubuntu (2004) start gaining popularity with end-users.
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Google announces the Android operating system, based on the Linux kernel.
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Linux turns 20.
Linux powers the majority of the world's web servers and is expanding in mobile and embedded systems. -
Continued improvement in performance, file systems (like Btrfs), and driver support. Systemd becomes the dominant init system in most major distributions.
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Enhancements in ARM support, security features (like lockdown mode), and filesystems.
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Windows Subsystem for Linux 2 (WSL2) brings a real Linux kernel to Windows 10. Microsoft's open-source contributions and support for Linux increase dramatically.
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Linux celebrates its 30th birthday. Kernel 5.13+ supports Apple M1 chips and many new hardware architectures.
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Servers (over 90%) Supercomputers (100%) Smartphones (via Android) Ongoing efforts in security hardening, AI/ML workloads, and cloud-native platforms.