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Jeanne d'Arc was born in France on January 6, 1412 to farmers. Later in her life she came to be known as Joan of Arc. Joan had four siblings, three brothers and one sister (Bloom).
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The Council Of Constance was assembled in 1414 to 1418. It was assembled after the Council of Vienna. It had 600 attending members. The Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund claimed this resolved the schism in the Catholic church (Beck).
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On the morning of August 21, troops led by John I of Portugal charged the port of Ceuta. The defenders of Ceuta were caught off guard. Portugal won and claimed the port (Beck).
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Although he was not a navigator or an explorer, he sponsored many explorations. In 1420 Prince Henry of Portugal started a navigation school. After many successful voyages he opened a school (Macrohistory).
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At the time of the Hundred Years war in 1428, Joan began to hear voices again. She believed them to be from a Christian Saint. The voices told her to help the King gain the French throne. Because the English had invaded France. The voices also told her to help the King expel the English from France. When Joan went to speak to the the King, he was in disbelief of her abilities and she was sent home.
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In 1421 the Jewish people in Austria were under attack. Austria tried to make Jewish children attend Catholic schools. Also, Austria attempted to force Jewish people to be baptised. The Jewish people that refused baptism and were burned at the stake
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When Joan returned for the second time, Charles VII believed her. He soon asked her join the army to help regain the French throne. After being examined to convince Charles VII that she was sent from God, the King decided to put her on the force (Pollack).
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Harae or Harai is a another name for purification rituals. These types of rituals were performed in Japan. Exorcisms or purification ceremonies were begun to purify people and get rid of their sins. Harae became common in 1422 (Macrohistory).
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At the young age of 12, Joan began to hear voices. She claimed to hear and see visions from God. She claimed the voices told her how to act and dress. She would dress as a man because of the voices. Today many doctors think she could have had epilepsy or schizophrenia (Bloom).
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In may of 1428 Joan began to hear more voices. This time, doctors told Joan to visit her relatives. After spending some time with them, she decided she wanted to talk to Robert de Baudricourt. He was the local commander at Vaucouleurs. After speaking with him, she was denied her request and ventured home (Beck).
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On April 27, 1429 Joan was given an army. Once Joan had reached Orleans she was able to enter through the eastern gate. She had brought supplies and reinforcements. This inspired the French to resist with Joan of Arc as their leader. This escalated into many more battles. These battles were the first of many Joan led the to victory (Macrohistory).
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Shortly after the battle of Orleans, Joan set out to conquer another english territory. When the French and English met, Joan swore it would be the greatest victory yet. The English had such a bad position they could not defend Patay. England lost 500 archers and 2,000 troops. Joan had yet again won for France (SparkNotes).
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On day in May 1429, Joan was attacked and hit with an arrow at her fort, Les Tourelles. An arrow hit her between her shoulder and neck. She was taken away for medical help, which caused her army to believe she was dead. Thinking she was dead made her army not want to fight. Joan was quickly able to recover and lead her men to another victory (Beck).
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In September of 1429, Joan had once again led her troops to France to take Paris. The troops could not enter Paris. Joan had been shot in the thigh and was taken away. This was the first battle Joan had lost (Beck).
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The Order of the Golden Fleece is to celebrate the marriage of Burgundian duke Philip the Good and princess Isabella. The Order of the Golden Fleece represents two branches of order. The first branch is the Spanish and the second is Austria. This is known as the most prestigious and exclusive order in the world (SparkNotes).
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In 1431 Joan was captured and put on trial. She had six public examinations (trials). A week later she was accused of 70 accusations. She was forced to respond to each accusation. She was later found guilty of 12 of the accusations (Pollack).
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Joan's trial came to a conclusion and she was found guilty of being a heretic. She was sent to be burned to the stake. Her last words were "I am sent here by god, the king of heaven" (Pollack).
