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A timeline on the Renaissance and it's impact on Europe
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Franseco Petrarch died from a stroke in Arquà Petrarca, Italy
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The Great Schism also known as the Papal Schism, Great Occidental Schism, and the Schism of 1378 was a split within the Catholic church. It lasted from 1378-1417.
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The papal banker headquarters his business in Florence and becomes involved in the Florentine public life. This layed the gorundwork for the rise of his son Cosimo de Medici to power.
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Ghiberti was commisioned and took 28 years to sclupt the bronze doors of the Florentine Church. One of the doors remain one of the most valued treasures of the Renaissance
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Brunelleschi won the completion for the dome. This project forced the designer to come up with new structural ideas (that were revolutionary at the time).
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Papacy returns to Rome bringing prestige and wealth necessary to rebuild the city
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Forsari assumes the positition of doge and attemps to upsurp great political power.
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He becomes head of the bank when his father dies. He uses economic power to consolidate political power. Within five years he ends up ruling the city.
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Luther laid the foundation for a new Protestant religion called Lutheranism. Lutheranism stressed faith alone, while catholicism stressed faith and good works in getting salvation using the church's teachings as a spiritual guide
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Cosimo De'Medici gained control of Florence. He tried to end workers uprisings by starting an income tax that placed a heavier burden on wealthier people. He used the revenue to make improvements to the city
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The printing press was the moveable type. The printing press he invented has been considered the most immportant invention in the modern era.
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Pope Nicholas V takes the first steps towards turning Rome into a Renaissance city. He undertakes many construction projects and strongly encourages the arts
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After a short experiment with Republican government, Milan returns to monarchy when Franceso Sforza takes control of the city.
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Leonardo Da Vinci was born near the Tuscan town of Vinci. He was the son of a local lawyer.
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The center of the Byzantine Empire, Constantiple falls to the Ottoman Empire (Turks). It provoked an exodus of Greek people and works of art and literature into the Italian city-states.
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The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire was conquered by the Ottoman army, under the command Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II.
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The Hundred Years War ends when Bordeaux surrenders leaving Calais as the last English possession in France.
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Johannes Gutenburg published the Gutenburg bible. He used a new printing press technology.
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Italian Banker Cosimo de' Medici dies in the Villa Medici at Careggi, Florence, Italy.
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After Cosimo's death, his son Piero rules until his death in 1469. Power falls into the hands of Lorenzo who rules until 1491, raising Florence to its greatest hights of the Renaissance
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Sixtus IV becomes Pope. He undertakes many successful projects in Rome, but disgracing the Church through his corruption and practice of nepotism
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Henry VII became king of England in 1485. He began the reign of the House of Tudor
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Sandro Botticelli completes his painting the Birth of Venus. It has become a landmark of XV century Italian Painting.
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Pico's philosophy often conflicts with that of the Catholic church and he is declared a heratic. He is saved from demise by the intervention of Lorenzo de Medici
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Alexander VI is known as a corrupt and manipulative pope. He is scheming for his family's benefit. Many claim that the Papacy reaches its greatest moral decline of the Renaissance during his pontificate.
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Christopher Columbus sights land in the Modern West Indies. He is the first European to set sight of land in the Americas since the Vikings.
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Savonarola, preaching a return to simple faith, leads a popular uprising against Medici. The Medici Family ends up being forced to leave Florence.
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In an attempt to weaken his enemy, the king of Naples invites the French to invade Italy, granting them free passage through Milan. His invasion fails
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Italian artist Leonardo Da Vinci paints the mural The Last Supper. It is one of the Western world's most recognizable paintings.
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Portugeuse nobleman Vasco Da Gama arrives in Indian city Calicut with his fcrew of 170 men
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Michelangelo is given the official contract to undertake this new task. He began carving the sculpture in the morning after he was awarded his contract.
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Italian artist Leonardo Da Vinci paints the Portrait Mona Lisa. It is one of the best known paintings.
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The Ascension of Pope Julius II begins the Roman Golden Age, during which the city and Papacy both prosper.
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Italian painter Michelangelo begins painting the Sistine Chapel ceiling. It is a high cornerstone work of Renaissance art.
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Erasmus writes the Praise Of Folly to amuse Sir Thomas More, his close friend and intellectual counterpart. It was written in Latin
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Italian Artist Raphael paints The School of Athens a fresco painting, as a part of Raphael's commision to decorate the rooms now known as the Stanze di Raffaello.
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Niccolo Machiavelli publishes The Prince, which is considered to be the most influential book of all time. It outlines the argument that it is better for a ruler to be feared than loved.
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Pope Leo X (son of Lorenzo de Medici) continues the Golden age trend. He proves himself as a gifted administrator and intelligent patron of the arts.
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Sir Thomas More writes his work "Utopia" which is the forerunner of the utopian literary genre.
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Martin Luther challenges the traditional practices of the church and Pope Leo X. Luther beleived that a person's wealth should not impact their status in the after life.
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Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses on the door of the church in Wittenberg, Germany which ignites a movement. It provokes an enormous split in the Roman Catholic Church.
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Painter Leonardo da Vinci dies from a stroke in the Chapel of Saint-Hubert, in Amboise, France
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In search of fortune and fame, Portugeuse explorer Magellan sets out from Spain with a fleet of five ships to discover a sea route to the Spice Islands.
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After Pope Clement VII refuses to grant a ransom for the imperial army, it attacks the city of Rome. The army took the city in just over twelve hours.
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Henry VIII separates from the Church of England and marries Anne Boleyn in a secret ceremony,
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Pope Paul III excommunicates King Henry VIII of England.
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Martin Luther dies in Eisleben, Germany from a stroke.
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Elizabeth I became queen of England and Ireland until her death on March 24 in 1603. She was the last of five monarchs of the House of Tudor.
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Off the coast of Gravelines the so-called "Invincible Armada" is defeated by an English naval force (under the command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake).
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William Shakespeare designs the Globe theatre. His plays were performed in this theatre
