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Plessy vs. Ferguson
Court case declaring that segregation was legal as long as both races had equal facilities available. -
National Origins Act
Act that determined how many immigrants could enter the U.S restricted by country of origin. -
Roosevelt Banned Discrimination
Prohibited racial discrimination in nation's defense industries. -
Desegregation of Military
Executive Order 9981 is an executive order issued on July 26, 1948, by President Harry S. Truman. It abolished discrimination "on the basis of race, color, religion or national origin" in the United States Armed Forces. The executive order eventually led to the end of segregation in the services. -
Beat Movement
The beat movement was extremely different than the common way of life or the conservative tradition. During this time, many people lived in dirty apartments, sold drugs, and committed crimes. Though the movement was mostly poets and writers, 3 people were the main founders of the movement. These 3 people were Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William Burroughs. -
Eisenhower takes office
Eisenhower took office on January 20, 1953 to January 20, 1961. -
SEATO
The Southeast Asia Treaty organizations purpose was to prevent communism from gaining around the region. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that American state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. -
Rosa Parks Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Rosa Parks rode at the front of a Montgomery, Alabama, bus on the day the Supreme Court's ban on segregation of the city's buses took effect. A year earlier, she had been arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a bus. -
End of Segregation
In 1956, Lyndon B Johnson passed a law ending segregation. -
Little Rock
The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. -
SCLC
The SCLC, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, main goals were to put an end to black disenfranchisement and to coordinate protests. -
National Liberation Front Formed - Vietcong
Mass political organization with their army, peoples liberation armed forces of South Vietnam, that won against the U.S and South Vietnamese governments. -
creation of NASA
President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs an act that creates the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). He called the signing an historic step, further equipping the United States for leadership in the space age. -
Fidel Castro
Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008. A Marxist–Leninist and Cuban nationalist, Castro also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1961 until 2011. Under his administration, Cuba became a one-party communist state, while industry and business were nationalized and state socialist reforms were implemented throughout society. -
RFK assasinated
Leaving the ballroom at the Ambassador hotel,he went through the hotel kitchen after being told it was a shortcut to a press room. He did this despite being advised by his bodyguard to avoid the kitchen. In a crowded kitchen passageway, Kennedy turned to his left and shook hands with hotel busboy Juan Romero just as Sirhan Sirhan, a 24-year-old Palestinian,opened fire with a .22-caliber revolver. Kennedy was hit three times, and five other people were wounded. -
Greensboro Sit-In
Civil rights protest that started in 1960, when young African-American students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, and refused to leave after being denied service. The sit-in movement soon spread to college towns throughout the South. -
Boynton v. Virginia
Overturned case against the alleged trespassing of a african american student in a restaurant inside a whites only terminal. -
SDS formed
American student organization that flourished in the mid-to-late 1960s and was known for its activism against the Vietnam War. An organizational meeting was held in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1960, and Robert Alan Haber was elected president of SDS. Initially, SDS chapters throughout the nation were involved in the civil rights movement. -
Subculture (hippies) movement
The new counterculture had their own ideas and thoughts about social values and had their own reasons why what they were doing was better for America. With the hippies living communally, their ideals were forming into one and they would participate in “be-ins”. Be-ins were usually located in parks or other public places where hippies would congregate to talk and sing songs, and this caught a lot of attention by the media and interested many. -
Kennedy took office
John F. Kennedy was in office from January 20, 1961 to November 22, 1963. -
CIA invasion of Cuba to overthrow Fidel Castro
The CIA invaded Cuba to overthrow Fidel Castro due to his unjust and horrible actions. -
Bay of Pigs
A failed military invasion of Cuba. -
Construction of Berlin Wall
A guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. Constructed by the German Democratic Republic, starting on 13 August 1961, the Wall cut off by West Berlin from virtually all of surrounding East Germany and East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989. Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and finished in 1992. -
CORE Freedom Rides
In the first few days, the riders encountered only minor hostility, but in the second week the riders were severely beaten. Outside Anniston, Alabama, one of their buses was burned, and in Birmingham several dozen whites attacked the riders only two blocks from the sheriff's office. With the intervention of the U.S. Justice Department, most of CORE's Freedom Riders were evacuated from Birmingham, Alabama to New Orleans. -
Creation of Peace Corps
Volunteer program run by the United States government. Its official mission is to provide social and economic development abroad through technical assistance, while promoting mutual understanding between Americans and populations served. The program was established by Executive Order 10924, issued by President John F. Kennedy on March 1, 1961 and authorized by Congress on September 21, 1961 with passage of the Peace Corps Act. -
James Meredith attended Ol Miss
First african american to enroll at the University of Mississippi on October 1,1962. -
Carson's Silent Spring
Environmental based book about the adverse environmental effects caused by the indiscriminate use of pesticides. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
13-day political and military standoff in October 1962 over the installation of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles on Cuba, just 90 miles from U.S. shores. In a TV address on October 22, 1962, President John Kennedy (1917-63) notified Americans about the presence of the missiles, explained his decision to enact a naval blockade around Cuba and made it clear the U.S. was prepared to use military force if necessary to neutralize this perceived threat to national security. -
Malone attended University of Alabama
First african american to graduate from the University of Alabama on May 30, 1965. -
JFK assasinated
As their vehicle passed the Texas School Book Depository Building at 12:30 p.m., Lee Harvey Oswald allegedly fired three shots from the sixth floor, fatally wounding President Kennedy and seriously injuring Governor Connally. Kennedy was pronounced dead 30 minutes later at Dallas’ Parkland Hospital. He was 46. -
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
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March on Washington
massive protest march that occurred in August 1963, when some 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Also known as the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the event aimed to draw attention to continuing challenges and inequalities faced by African Americans a century after emancipation. -
Bomb in Birmingham
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Civil Rights Act
Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, and racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accommodations. -
24th Amendment
Prohibits both congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. -
Beatles
In 1964, The Beatles had their first world tour. -
SDS organized campus teach - ins
First organized teach in at the University of Michigan at Ann Harbor. -
Freedom Summer
1964 voter registration drive sponsored by civil rights organizations including the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) and the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Aimed at increasing black voter registration in Mississippi, the Freedom Summer workers included black Mississippians and more than 1,000 out-of-state, predominately white volunteers. -
Economic Opportunity Act
Authorization of the formation of local community action agencies as part of the war on poverty. -
1st U.S troops in Vietnam
The first set of U.S troops arrived in Vietnam on March 8, 1965. -
Operation Rolling Thunder
U.S bombing campaign against North Vietnam. -
Immigration and Nationality Act
Act that modified the national origins quota system. -
Malcolm X shot and killed
Malcolm x was killed on February 21, 1965 in Audubon Ballroom. -
Water Quality Act
Primary federal law in the United States governing water pollution. Its objective is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters; recognizing the responsibilities of the states in addressing pollution and providing assistance to states to do so, including funding for publicly owned treatment works for the improvement of wastewater treatment; and maintaining the integrity of wetlands. -
Black Panther Party formed
The party’s original purpose was to patrol African American neighborhoods to protect residents from acts of police brutality. The Panthers eventually developed into a Marxist revolutionary group that called for the arming of all African Americans. -
National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act
Act that required automobile manufactures to institute safety standards to protect the public from unreasonable risk of accidents from occuring. -
first african american Supreme Court Justice
Thurgood Marshall was the courts 96th justice but was the first african american justice. -
Air Quality Act
This act expanded studies of air pollutant emission inventories, ambient monitoring techniques, and control techniques. Act was enacted in order to expand federal government activities. In accordance with this law, enforcement proceedings were initiated in areas subject to interstate air pollution transport. As part of these proceedings, the federal government for the first time conducted extensive ambient monitoring studies and stationary source inspections. -
Congress separates into 2 groups - Hawks and Doves
Doves were the people who did not want the war. The Hawks were the people who were in support of the war. -
Pentagon Papers
A top secret department of defense study of U.S political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967 -
Nixon wins
Richard Nixon won the presidential election on Tuesday, November 5, 1968. -
MLK assasinated
MLK was assasinated on April 4, 1968 and died at St. Joseph's Hospital in Memphis. -
Moon landing
first moon landing on July 20, 1969. This spacecraft was called the Apollo 11. The 2 men to actually step on the moon were Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin. -
EPA created
The EPA, united states environmental protection agency, was created on December 2, 1970. -
Kent State and Jackson Killings
The kent state shootings were when 4 students were killed. 11 days later police shot and killed 2 students and injured 12 others. -
My Lai becomes public
2 months after calley and 25 other men were charged and convicted, the horrible killings during the My Lai became public to the U.S. -
War Powers Act
Law to check the presidents power to commit the U.S to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S congress. -
Paris Peace Accord
The agreement on ending the war and restoring peace in Vietnam.
