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Benito Juarez: Santa Anna overthrew in 1855
Leader of the reformers who overthrew Santa Anna in 1855. Considered a National Hero due to his pursuit of constitutional reforms (reducing the power of the catholic church and the military) that would create a Democratic Federal Republic. His reforms outraged conservatives, soon after a Civil War erupted, and with support of the U.S. and his liberal allies Juarez triumphed. He was also the 26th president and the first one of indigenous origin. -
Santa Anna: 1855 Exile
Leader of the Mexican forces in the Mexican-American War. He held the presidency 5 times between 1833 and 1855 and gained popularity from his charismatic and strong leadership of the army. In the beginning of his career he was aligned with liberal reformers, however, as his power grew he became more conservative– he lost followers due to himself becoming power hungry. He was exiled several times only to return, but was officially overthrown and exiled by a group of reformers in 1855. -
Napoleon III: The French Invade Mexico
Conservatives saw Napoleon as a powerful ally– he dreamed of restoring the french empire in the Americas. He overthrew the Mexican Government in 1861 by sending French troops into Mexico, putting Maximilian into power. -
Austrian Archduke Maximilian: Installed as Emperor in Mexico
He was liked by the Mexican conservatives because the people believed he would restore the power of the church. However he ended up not doing so and alienated both the conservatives and liberals of Mexico. He was executed by Republican troops when the French withdrew their troops from Mexico and Maximillian did not have enough support to stay in power. This put Juarez back into power and it rendered him a National Hero. -
Jose Marti: Jose Marti’s Return to Cuba
Marti was a creative poet and writer that communicated with the Cubans through his writings. In these writings, Marti urged the Cubans to continue to fight for their independence. In 1895, after being exiled, Marti came back to Cuba and led an uprising against the Spanish government who were trying to take over. -
Emilio Aguinaldo: The US’ Betrayal Against Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo was one of the leaders that pushed for independence of the Philippines. After fighting for it and having some help with the US, the US decided to turn it into their colony. After Aguinaldo’s hard fight he felt that the US tricked and betrayed him by taking the Philippines away and making it their own. -
Teddy Roosevelt: The Announcement of Roosevelt Corollary
Teddy Roosevelt held office as President of the United States from 1901 to 1909. In his 4th year he announced the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. This addiction to the doctrine protected the US’ interests when dealing with countries in the western hemisphere. President Roosevelt wanted to make sure that the US didn’t lose any power. He also wanted to secure the fact that no European countries would take over the Americans land. -
Porfirio Diaz: Election of 1910
Diaz controlled the outcome in the election of 1910 He “ruled with an iron fist”, maintaining law and order in Mexico, and helped modernize Mexico by encouraging foreign investment. He imprisoned all of his opponents, making himself enemies. He jailed his opponent Francisco Madero in the election of 1910 after winning election against him, which later led to Madero later calling for a revolution against the Díaz government. Diaz was eventually forced to resign. -
Francisco Madero: Election of 1910
Madero was defeated in the election of 1910 and imprisoned by opponent Porfirio Diaz. When released from jail, he fled to Texas and declared himself president of Mexico, calling revolution against the Diaz government– he returned to Mexico to find rebellions supporting his ideas spread across the nation. He was later elected president, but within months was imprisoned and Victoriano Huerta seized power. His supporters stayed loyal and fought Huerta’s government. Madero was executed in 1914. -
Pancho Villa P2: retaliation against Carranza
Venustiano Carranza declared himself president, and Villa was not in support of this. He ultimately led the nation into another civil war alongside Zapata, and was defeated by Carranza. Villa continued his attacks on Carranza’s government after his defeat, and in retaliation that the United States recognized Carranza as president, launched an attack across the border of the US. The US fought back, and although unable to capture him, he agreed to stop his attacks in 1920. -
Pancho Villa P1: Capturing the city of Juarez
Pancho Villa led a band of rebels in Mexico that supported Madero's ideas, fighting against the Diaz government. Him and his supporters, in rebellion against the government, captured the city of Juarez in 1911. When Madero was overthrown and imprisoned by army chief Victoriano Huerta, Pancho Villa and his small army of ranchers, unemployed workers, and cowboys, still devoted to the ideas of Madero, rose up and fought against Huerta’s power in the North. Huerta resigned and fled to Spain. -
Emiliano Zapata: Mexican revolution
Zapata led a group of indigenous peasants calling for land reforms, fighting against the Diaz government. When Madero was overthrown and imprisoned by army chief Victoriano Huerta, Zapata and his following revolted in the South against the Huerta government.
When Huerta resigned and fled to Spain, Carranza declared himself president. Zapata and his followers were not in support of this, leading Zapata alongside Villa to bring the nation into another civil war: they were defeated by Carranza -
Victoriano Huerta: Huerta’s Imprisonment of Madero
Huerta was a Mexican general who served as president and dictator of Mexico. After Madero was elected president, Huerta seized power and took control. With this Madero was imprisoned. With the take over Victoriano Huerta became the president and dictator of Mexico. Many people were against Huerta and revolted against his overtaking. After the backlash, Huerta resigned and fled to Spain. -
Venustiano Carranza: Carranza’s Declaration of Presidency
Venustiano Carranza declared himself president in 1914 after Huerta resigned and fled. With Carranza rising to power, some people like Zapata and Villa didn’t fully support it. A civil war arose but Carranza defeated the people in his way. In Carranza’s presidency he created a new constitution and rebuilt up the nation.