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During the Golden Age, Europeans sail south around Africa to trade silks and spices with the people of India and Asia
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Africans trade guns and European goods for human slaves. The Europeans forced over 13 million slaves from their homeland to go to America
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The Europeans built trading points in Africa to trade goods for people.
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In the early 1800's the people of Europe started to take over other countries for their resources and trade routes. Great Britain took control over the Suez Canal, one of the most used trade routes for themselves.
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By the 1900's almost all of Africas land had been taken by the countries of Europe. Only two countries remained, Ethiopia and Libera.
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Great Britain gave South Africa their Independence back in 1910.
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A group of people, known as the Kikuyu, wanted freedom from Great Britain. They started a political group to fight for the freedom they wanted.
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In 1930, Italy tries to capture Ethiopia, but doesn't succeed. It remained one of the only free countries in Africa
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In the country of Ghana, a man named Kwame Nkrumah told the world of all Africans being united all throughout the globe. This was called Pan-Africanism.
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White South Africans, known as Afrikaners, created an Apartheid, or a separation between the different races of Africans. The blacks were the people being the targeted race. The black Africans couldn't marry white Africans, they couldn't have the same education and health care the white South Africans had either.
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Black South Africans formed the African National Congress to fight for a change in the Apartheid Laws.
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Because of the idea of Pan-Africanism, several men by the name Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya, and Nnamdi Azikiwe of Nigeria, were fighting for freedom of their countries.
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Great Britain gives Sudan its independence in 1956
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The start of the first civil war in Sudan occurs in 1956, against the north and south parts.
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Due to the Pan-Africanism, in 1957 Ghana gained independence from Great Britain.
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People of Nigeria were fighting with Great Britain to gain their Independence. They succeeded in 1960, becoming a free country.
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In 1960, the Belgium Congo was free, but was deprived of its resources and a good government due to the Europeans. This caused some terrible leaders to take over.
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In 1963, after many years of trying, Kenya became an independent country. Their first leader was Jomo Kenyatta, one of the first men to fight for their freedom.
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Nelson Mandela started to protest against Apartheid when he became an adult. Because of his actions, he was sentenced a life in prison for his actions.
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A terrible leader, Jospeh Mobutu, had taken over the country Belgium Congo in 1965. Mobutu ruled for over 32 years, and doing so, he renamed the country Zaire. The people of the Belgium Congo had been through a lot of violence because of his leadership.
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The first civil war come to and end with many deaths.
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In 1976 there was a lot of violence between the different ethnic groups of Nigeria. One of these groups, the Igbo, tried to become independent. While doing this, they named their own country, Biafra. This caused a civil war where over a million people died. After the war, the Igbo people once again, became part of Nigeria.
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The police killed Steven because of his part in the ANC (African National Congress). In September of 1977, he was arrested and killed by the police.
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Some song artist such as Peter Gabriel took Steven Biko's death into consideration. Peter wrote a song about Biko's death to protest all that is wrong about Apartheid.
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In 1983, a second civil war breaks out again against the north and south.
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He ruled what was called the country of Zaire, for over 32 years. He came to power in 1965, ending his time of ruling in 1987
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In 1989 F.W. Klerk was elected president, but was against Apartheid.
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In 1990, de Klerk declares the end of Apartheid and he frees Nelson Mandela from prison
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in 1993, Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk were awarded with the Nobel Peace Prize for their part in stopping Apartheid.
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Nelson Mandela was Elected President during South Africas first open elections
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Leaving millions dead, the two civil wars of Sudan come to an end in 2005. This allows South Sudan to have its independence