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History of the English Language

  • Period: 7000 BCE to 449

    The origin (from the Indo-European family tree)

  • 6000 BCE

    c. 6000 B.C English Channel

    The english channel is formed, cutting off the British Isles from mainland Europe.
  • 3500 BCE

    Spread of Indo-European Languages

    the Indo-Europeans began to fan out across Europe and Asia, in search of new pastures and hunting grounds, and their languages developed - and diverged - in isolation. By around 1000 BC, the original Indo-European language had split into a dozen or more major language groups or families, the main groups being: Hellenic
    Italic
    Indo-Iranian
    Celtic
    Germanic
    Armenian
    Balto-Slavic
  • 3000 BCE

    Indo-European

    We do not know exactly what the original Indo-European language was like, as no writings exist from that time (the very earliest examples of writing can be traced to Sumeria in around 3000 BC), so our knowledge of it is necessarily based on conjecture, hypothesis and reconstruction. Using the “comparative method”, though, modern linguists have been able to partially reconstruct the original language from common elements in its daughter languages.
  • 500 BCE

    The Celts beging to colonize Britain

    Words of celtic origen in modern english:
    bog, clan, crag, glen, pet, slew, slogan, trousers
  • 55 BCE

    55 B.C Roman

    First Roman invasion of Britain. Rome ends up occupying Britain for about 500 years
  • 450

    c. 450 Germanic

    Germanic Anglo - Saxon tribes beging to inhabit British Isles, and the English language is born.
    Words of Anglo - Saxon origin in modern English: arm, dark, forgive, house, laugh, man, pillow, read, strong, town, woman, year.
    Thus, we can say that English belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European family of languages.
  • Period: 450 to 1100

    Old English

    Earliest Old English inscriptions
  • 597

    The Anglo-Saxons

    The Anglo-Saxons start converting to Cristianity, and English starts adopting new words from Latin, such as: angel, candle, hymn, lobster, martyr, plant, noon, school, sock
  • 792

    Britains first undergoes raids from the Vikings

    Britains first undergoes raids from the Vikings, giving English words from Old Norse: bull, club, law, ransack, reindeer, slaughter, wing
  • 1066

    The Norman Conquest.

    The Norman Conquest.
    William the conqueror invades Britain, and Britain's nobility speaks French for over 300 years
  • Period: 1100 to 1500

    Middle English

  • 1350

    c.1350 -1500 The Great Vowel Shift.

    The Great Vowel Shift. The pronunciation of long vowel sound changes in English.
  • Period: 1500 to

    Early Modern English

  • c.1590 Shakespeare

    William Shakespeare begins writing plays. Shakespearecoins almost 2000 new words in English, like, anchovy, domineering, gloomy,investment, luggage, rant, stealthy.
  • 1607 Jamestown

    Jamestown becomes the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. Britain would go on to create settlements the world over, and each area would make its own contributions to English.
    A few examples are: Avatar(from India), Kangaroo (from Australia), Zombie( from West Africa)
  • Period: to

    Modern English

  • 1755 Dictionary of the English Language.

    Samuel Johnson published his Dictionary of the English Language which becomes the first widely used book of its kind Dr. Johnson is responsible for may spellings in modern English
  • Oxford English Dictionary

    1928 This year, whatever else it may be, is the Year of the Dictionary.
    So wrote Charles Onions in the Times of 19 April 1928, in an article celebrating the completion of the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary.The Oxford English Dictionary was originally published in fascicles between 1884 and 1928. A one-volume supplement was published in 1933, and four further supplementary volumes were published between 1972 and 1986.
  • Second edition of the “Oxford English Dictionary” is published.

    Second edition of the “Oxford English Dictionary” is published.
    The Second Edition of the Dictionary, published in 1989, was an amalgamation of the text of the First Edition with that of the Supplement produced in 1972–86, combined with approximately five thousand entries for new words and meanings.
  • 2015

    The Oxford English Dictionary honors and emoji as its Word of the Year.
  • 2017

    Over the course of time, English has taken vocabulary from over 350 other languages. There are currently about 1.5 billion people speaking English in the world.