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This American school was founded in Hartford, Connecticut by Thomas Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc. It was the first school for deaf students in the US. This school was the beginning of special education services in America. -
This school opened up in Massachusetts and became a model for educating students who had visual impairments. It focused heavily on skill development, independence, and having access to education. Perkins later educated Helen Keller, increasing public awareness of disability education. -
The Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) was founded to support teachers and professionals working with students who had disabilities. The organization promotes research, advocacy, and professional standards. -
Brown v. Board of Education was the declaration of ending the legal segregation in the education system. The Supreme Court ruled that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. This decision also influenced later disability rights cases. It laid the legal groundwork for equal access to education for students with disabilities. -
This was the first federal civil rights law protecting individuals with disabilities. It prohibited discrimination in any program receiving federal funding, including public schools. This law expanded access and accommodations for students with disabilities in general education settings.
https://www.ed.gov/laws-and-policy/individuals-disabilities/section-504 -
This law guaranteed free and appropriate public education (FAPE) to students with disabilities. It required individualized education programs (IEPs) and placement in the least restrictive environment (LRE). This law became the foundation of modern special education. -
EAHCA was renamed IDEA, emphasizing people-first language and educational outcomes. IDEA strengthened parent involvement and transition planning. It continued to support inclusion through LRE requirements. -
The ADA extended civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities beyond schools. It addressed accessibility, employment, and public spaces. The ADA reinforced inclusion and equal participation for people with disabilities across society. -
NCLB required schools to include students with disabilities in accountability systems and standardized testing. The law emphasized access to the general education curriculum. This increased expectations and visibility for students with disabilities.
https://youtu.be/Q0WUqNO0qo4?si=sGz8DReW8VHBD23q -
ESSA replaced NCLB and maintained protections for students with disabilities. It emphasized inclusive practices, equity, and support for diverse learners. ESSA supports collaboration between general and special education. -
The Supreme Court ruled that schools must provide IEPs designed for meaningful educational progress. This decision raised standards for special education services. It strengthened accountability for supporting students with disabilities.